Subshrub Radmelde
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Semi-shrub Radmelde ( Bassia prostrata ) near Jetzelsdorf in Lower Austria |
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| Bassia prostrata | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Beck |
The subshrub Radmelde ( Bassia prostrata , Syn .: Kochia prostrata ), also called Holzige Radmelde , Niederlassung Radmelde , Niederlassung Steppenmelde and Subshrubial beach herb, is a species of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The shrub-kochia grows as a perennial , highly branched and almost spherical in outline shrub , the growth heights and (rarely 100 cm) widths of mostly 30 to 60 cm reached. The basal axis ( "trunk") of the woody base shoot measures up to 5 cm in diameter and goes into a strong downward allorhize taproot over with long, string-like lateral roots. The base shoot is often kinked and the plant then hangs down on the steep loess wall. The upright herbaceous flowering shoots are unbranched except for the lateral inflorescences and are 30 to 70 cm long. Its branches are slightly grooved lengthways and covered with curly downy hairs, but bare below. The thick, half-stemmed, narrow-ruler leaf blades are 0.5 to 2 cm long and 0.4 to 0.7 mm wide and covered with close-fitting, stiff and 0.5 to 0.7 mm long hair. Later they bald.
Generative characteristics
The flowering time of the subshrub Radmelde extends in Central Europe from July to September. The flowers , arranged individually or in little-flowered clusters in the axils of the 3 to 5 mm long bracts , form a fairly compact pseudo-ear or panicle that is only interrupted at the bottom . The goblet-like perigone of the hermaphrodite, five-fold, inconspicuous greenish flowers is densely shaggy hairy on the outside. The scars are 0.4 to 0.6 mm long.
The fruit is a solitary, glabrous closing fruit and measures 2 mm in diameter. The fruit is enclosed by the fused-leafed fruit perigon with a diameter of 4.5 to 5 mm. The perigone lobes each have a horizontally protruding, egg-shaped to rhombic, dry-skinned, longitudinally veined perigone wing. The fruit perigone wings do not overlap and gave the genus its German name because of its wheel-shaped appearance.
Chromosome number
The Halbstrauch-Radmelde has the chromosome number 2n = 18.
ecology
The semi-shrub Radmelde is a heat- loving nanophanerophyte .
Occurrence
The species has its main distribution area in southern and southeastern Europe as well as in central and western Asia , but it also occurs in central Europe , north Africa and as far as Pakistan .
In Austria, the semi-shrub Radmelde occurs only at two locations in the Pannonian region of Lower Austria - at Jetzelsdorf (on the Kirchberg and in the corridor of house vineyards) and at Retz (at the Gupferten Berg near Unteralb ) - on dry, steep fine sand and loess slopes . The species is extinct in Burgenland . The semi-shrub Radmelde is considered a post-glacial relic of the Central Asian semi-deserts . During the post-ice age, the species was able to expand its range far to the west due to the climatic conditions. In the course of the post-glacial reforestation of the landscape, it was again displaced by more demanding species and could only hold its own in a few, extremely dry locations. The subshrub cycle registration is considered to be endangered in Austria and none of the occurrences is in a protected area. There is a risk, on the one hand, from human interference in the habitat and, on the other hand, from being displaced by invasive plants such as robinia . When the Europastraße 59 was built , new plantings were made on the embankments in Lower Austria, with the seed material being obtained from the nearby autochthonous deposits .
In the USA , the semi-shrub bike log is used in engineering biology to stabilize steep slopes.
photos
The subshrub is heavily branched and more or less spherical in shape.
The basal trunk is up to 5 cm thick.
The herbaceous branches are covered with curly downy hair.
The leaves are hairy adjacent to them, later they become bald.
The inflorescence is a rather compact, racemose branched false ear.
The flowers are solitary or in little-flowered clusters.
The wheel-shaped, inconspicuous perigone is densely hairy on the outside, the perigone wings do not cover each other.
The habitat is formed by steep, dry loess slopes, the plants often hang on the almost vertical walls.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Manfred A. Fischer: Relics of the ice age to early ice age loess vegetation , in: Heinz Wiesbauer and Herbert Zettel: Hohlwege und Lössterrassen in Niederösterreich , Vienna 2014, ISBN 3-901542-42-6
- ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Arndt Kästner, Manfred A. Fischer: Portraits of selected rare Austrian vascular plant species (IV): (31) to (41) , in: Association for research into the flora of Austria (ed.): Neilreichia , volume 6, 2011, ISSN 1681-5947
- ↑ The Euro + Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity, accessed on September 23, 2014
- ^ Bassia prostrata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Harald Niklfeld: On xerothermal vegetation in the east of Lower Austria , in: Negotiations of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna , 103/104, Vienna 1964, pp. 152-181 ( PDF; 2.26 MB )
- ↑ Wolfgang Holzner et al .: Austrian dry grass catalog. “Steppes”, “heaths”, dry meadows, poor meadows: existence, endangerment, possibilities of their conservation. , in: Green series of the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection , Volume 6, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-900-649-065 , objects ÖK22 / 13, ÖK 22/14, ÖK 22/15
