Penzberg mine
| Penzberg mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| Funding / total | 25 million tons | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Upper Bavarian stock corporation for coal mining | ||
| Employees | 2,000 (high in 1951) | ||
| Start of operation | March 30, 1796 | ||
| End of operation | September 30, 1966 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Pitch coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 45 '9 " N , 11 ° 22' 39" E | ||
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| local community | Penzberg | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Weilheim-Schongau | ||
| country | Free State of Bavaria | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The mine Penzberg was next to those in Peißenberg , Peiting , Hausham and Marie Stone one of the five unlucky coal mines in the Bavarian Alps between Lech and Inn . From 1796 to 1966 over 25 million tons of coal were mined. The most powerful relic is the mountain dump on the eastern edge of the city, today a leisure and recreation area. In addition to the mining museum and the mining circular route, some mining monuments remind of the importance of the mine for the place.
Coal deposits
The pit field of the Penzberg mine was bordered in the east by the Isar (near Bad Tölz ) and in the west by the so-called Olympiastraße . The coal miners extracted from the “Penzberger Mulde”, the small “Langsee-Mulde” and the large “ Nonnenwald- Mulde”. In the Penzberger Mulde 5 of 24 seams and in the Nonnenwald Mulde 9 of a total of 31 seams were worth building .
history
The first mining attempts took place there in 1557, great economic importance and high production volumes were only achieved in the course of industrialization from around the middle of the 19th century. From 1840 the Karl shaft had been sunk to a depth of 99 m and was abandoned in 1874. Before that, it had been extracted via tunnels . In 1851 the Isabellenschacht was sunk. In 1865, the Tutzing-Penzberg railway line went into operation, which significantly simplified the transport of coal. In 1869 the mine became part of the Miesbach coal union; at that time the mine had 150 workers. In 1870 it was converted into a stock corporation , the "Upper Bavarian Stock Corporation for Coal Mining", often referred to as "Oberkohle" for short. This joint-stock company built accommodation for miners who were to come from Bohemia , Croatia , South Tyrol , Lombardy , Upper Austria and the Upper Palatinate . In 1875 the Isabellenschacht is closed and the Herzog-Karl-Theodor-Schacht opened. The sinking of the Henleschacht began in 1890. In 1907 a coal washing plant was built . From 1913 the miners sank the Nonnenwaldschacht down to a depth of 800 meters and the extraction from this began in 1919. From 1933 on they only extracted the coal from the Nonnenwaldschacht, since the mining in the other shafts was then over. In 1951 a workforce of 2,000 men achieved an annual production of almost 360,000 tons of usable coal. The operating company stopped mining on September 30, 1966 due to a lack of profitability and soon afterwards the Nonnenwald shaft was backfilled.
The most striking sign from the mining era is today the Penzberg "Berghalde leisure and recreation area". This huge elongated hill, which has been greened and planted since 1974 on the basis of a design by the Penzberg landscape architect Josef Probst, consists of the overburden that has accumulated during the long period of mining and was brought here from the mine shaft. "Penzberg Dolomites" was what the locals called the often slipping and swaying dump that was piled up in the middle of the moorland. From April 1910 the overburden was brought in by cable car. When it had become irreparable, American pioneers blew up the pillars up to 50 meters high for training purposes on January 31, 1955. Now the overburden was brought in by truck until the colliery closed. In October 2006, the Penzberg Miners' Association inaugurated a memorial on the Berghalde that reminds of this cable car.
In 1951, the power plant with siding, which was planned in the 1930s and started during the war, was put into operation. The power station was the main consumer of the coal produced. It generated an electrical output of 12.5 megawatts. The building complex consisted of an administration wing, the 20 meter high and 3,000 square meter machine hall, a 34 meter high boiler house and the 98 meter high chimney. After the colliery was closed, it was fired with coal from Peißenberg and the Saarland . The chimney was blown up in 1998 and the track system dismantled.
By 1966, 246 people had died in the mine.
Mining Museum
The mining museum, built and furnished by former miners, includes a permanent exhibition. True-to-the-original route extensions by the miners form the core. Together with the tough, hunted, pit telephones, signal stations, a simulated blast and a blind shaft from the pit, they convey a realistic picture of working life underground. The various stages of development of coal mining - from manual mining to fully mechanized operation - are presented. There is also a collection of original miner's lamps, surveying equipment, maps, photographs and contemporary documents. Models, media stations and film documents also explain the work processes in the mine. The city of Penzberg took over the sponsorship in 2012 and modernized the museum by summer 2013.
literature
- Karl Luberger, Stadt Penzberg (ed.): History of the city of Penzberg , 1st edition 1969; 2nd edition 1975; 3rd edition 1983.
- Karl Luberger: Penzberg and the mine. In: Lech-Isar-Land 1988, pp. 175–177
- Michael Mayr: The cable car to the mountain heap. Miners' Association, Penzberg 2006.
- KA Weithofer: The pitch coal region of the Bavarian foothills of the Alps and the Upper Bavarian Corporation for Coal Mining , memorandum from On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of this company (1870-1920), C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1920, 344 pp.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karl Luberger, City Penzberg (ed.): History of the city Penzberg, 2nd edition. 1975.
- ↑ Penzberg mining circuit. (PDF; 30 KB) In: GeoLehrpfade in Bayern, No. 152.Bavarian State Office for the Environment, November 2013, accessed on December 28, 2015 .
- ↑ http://www.bergknappenverein-penzberg.de/ Bergknappenverein Penzberg OB. eV / Reiter mining monument
- ^ Information leaflet: Penzberg Mining Museum
- ↑ Chronology of Penzberg Mining ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Website operator: Knappenverein Peißenberg.
- ↑ a b Karl Luberger: history of the city Penzberg , page 59
- ↑ Karl Luberger: history of the city Penzberg . Ed .: City of Penzberg. 1st edition. 1969, p. 58-59 .
- ↑ Karl Luberger: history of the city Penzberg , page 60
- ↑ Karl Luberger: history of the city Penzberg , page 89
- ↑ Karl Luberger (ed.): History of the City Penzberg, 3rd edition year = 1983. Buchdruckerei Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz on Regensburg, various locations
- ↑ Karl Luberger (ed.): History of the City Penzberg, 3rd edition year = 1983. Buchdruckerei Michael Laßleben, Kallmünz on Regensburg, various locations
- ^ Barbara Greinwald: Mining in Upper Bavaria . In: Brigitte Raab (Hrsg.): The Oberbaierische Fest-Täg and Alte-Bräuch-Calendar 2016 . Raab-Verlag, Iffeldorf 2015, ISBN 978-3-9814583-4-3 , p. 64 .
- ↑ http://www.bergwerksmuseum-penzberg.de/home.html
- ↑ The museum. In: www.bergwerksmuseum-penzberg.de. Retrieved November 12, 2015 .