Peißenberg mine

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Peißenberg mine
General information about the mine
Peissenberg mine.jpg
The Zieglmeierschacht (main shaft) around 1935
Information about the mining company
Operating company Bayerische Berg-, Hütten- und Salzwerke AG
Employees 3913 (peak: 1963)
Start of operation May 8, 1837
End of operation March 31, 1971
Funded raw materials
Degradation of Cement marl / pitch coal
Degradation of Pitch coal
Geographical location
Coordinates 47 ° 47 '24 "  N , 11 ° 3' 21"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 47 '24 "  N , 11 ° 3' 21"  E
Mine Peißenberg (Bavaria)
Peißenberg mine
Location of the Peißenberg mine
local community Peissenberg
District ( NUTS3 ) Weilheim-Schongau
country Free State of Bavaria
Country Germany

The former Peißenberg mine was one of several pitch coal mines in southern Bavaria. In addition to the pitch coal , cement marl was also temporarily mined for the production of cement . There were over 100 kilometers of underground routes . Today there is a mining museum at the Tiefstollen in Peißenberg . There is also a hiking trail, the Stollenweg, which leads to various old mining sites .

Coal deposits

The pitch coal deposits in southern Bavaria are limited by the right Danube tributaries Lech in the west and Inn in the east, the deposits are all in so-called troughs . The "Peißenberger Mulde" is the northernmost of the three large hollows in the west of the so-called folded molasse . The place Peißenberg lies roughly in the middle of the hollow of the same name. This coal deposit extends 20 kilometers in an east-west direction, roughly from Huglfing to Peiting and is 4 to 5 kilometers wide. In the eastern section of this basin, which was only partially developed at the time, the seams lie deeper and were therefore more difficult to mine. In the east the mine field was bordered by the so-called Olympiastraße . A total of around 40 million tons of coal were extracted from the Peißenberger Mulde together with Hohenpeißenberg and the Peiting mine . There are still around 40 million tons of coal left there, mainly in the eastern field. There are 26 seams in the Peißenberger Mulde .

Buildable coal seams and their thickness
Seam name Thickness
in meters		 of which coal
in meters
Seam 2 0.4 to 0.5 0.40 to 0.50
Seam 6 0.3 to 0.5 0.25 to 0.35
Seam 8 0.3 to 1.8 0.30 to 0.45
Seam 10/11 1.0 to 3.0 0.70 to 1.00
Seam 14 0.8 to 2.0 0.40 to 1.20
Seam 16 0.3 to 0.5 0.30 to 0.40
Seam 17 0.5 0.30 to 0.50
Seam 22 0.25 to 0.8 0.25 to 0.30
Seam 23 0.3 to 0.8 0.30 to 0.40

history

Pit substructure in Hohenpeißenberg
Old coal washing plant at the Tiefstollen around 1916
Knappschaftskrankenhaus in Peißenberg around 1955
Cement works in Peißenberg around 1900
Central tunnel

Beginnings

The pitch coal deposit in the Peißenberger Mulde was probably discovered around 1540. In 1580 a farm boy named Christoph Lenker started a fire on the south side of the Hohen Peißenberg while herding cattle, and discovered the coal deposits. He was able to extinguish the ground on fire by diverting a nearby stream. The first temporary mining activities began in the same century. Already in 1593 a dismantling was handed down to the Ammerleite near Peiting at the instigation of the Wittelsbach Duke Wilhelm V. In the further course there was another, mostly rather minor, mining in the Peißenberg Mulde, among others by business people and local farmers. Before industrialization , coal was mainly used for lime and brick burning, it was also used for domestic fires .

Systematic state subsidy company

In 1836 the General Mine and Saline Administration went to the Oberbergrat Freiherr von Gumppenberg to open a mine field in Hohenpeißenberg and to draw up an operational plan. The systematic state mining began on May 8, 1837 in the Brandach district in Hohenpeißenberg with the attack on the upper tunnel , which was later called the main tunnel. The workforce at that time consisted of a Steiger and five miners . From 1840 the miners extracted the first coal . Initially, the coal was only sold in the immediate vicinity; the first major customer was an Augsburg spinning factory from 1842. Augsburg was easily accessible at the time, as the nearby Lech could be used as an inexpensive means of transport by raft. Soon afterwards, more new tunnels were set up such as B. the substructure tunnel from 1847, east tunnel from 1847, Hermann tunnel from 1857, etc. After a coal crisis had already occurred in 1842/43, the General Administration tried unsuccessfully to auction the mine in 1859/60 due to sales problems. In the course of time, the focus of mining activities shifted further east from Hohenpeißenberg, in the direction of Peißenberg, with the middle tunnel from 1868 and the deep tunnel from 1869. In 1866 the Tutzing – Weilheim – Unterpeißenberg railway line was opened and from 1875 there was one only for the Coal transport used the works railway from Unterpeißenberg station to the mine. The mine-owned Sulz station was built on the deep tunnel . In 1875 the mine administration also relocated from Hohenpeißenberg to Peißenberg. As a result of the rail connection, the output grew rapidly. In 1879, the works railway was opened to the deep tunnel for passenger traffic and the Sulz station was renamed Peißenberg in 1880 . After there was initially only one dressing room at work in Peißenberg, a separate hospital was built on Hauptstrasse in 1876/77. This was the north-eastern part of what would later become the complex and was initially only intended for miners . From 1889 to 1895, the mine management then again had the sub-construction shafts sunk to a depth of 280 meters in Hohenpeißenberg , because no more tunnels were possible below the deep tunnel level. There miners sank two shafts , one for extraction and the other for drainage and ventilation . In 1907 the coal washing plant in the deep tunnel was put into operation. In order to be able to transport coal from the substructure shaft to the deep tunnel in Peißenberg, there was a 3.6 kilometer long cable car from 1898 to 1928. Remnants of this cable car can still be seen along today's Stollenweg.

Zieglmeierschacht

From 1912 to 1915 miners sank the main shaft in Peißenberg, which was renamed the Zieglmeierschacht from 1954, on the occasion of the 80th birthday of the chief mining director Zieglmeier . With the help of this shaft, around 30 million tons of coal could be extracted between 1915 and 1971. In order to be able to transport the coal from the new shaft to the coal washing plant in the deep tunnel, the mine operator built a 1 kilometer long chain railway . On December 13 and 15, 1919, there were two coal dust explosions , in which 15 miners were killed and 21 miners were injured. In 1927 the BHS was founded, which took over the operation of the mine. Erected from 1927 to 1928, a new, more powerful coal washing machine was built at the main shaft, after which the old coal washing machine at the deep tunnel was demolished. In 1928, the BHS stopped funding through the substructure shaft. The mine first achieved an annual output of 500,000 tons of coal with 2,200 employees in 1929 . In 1931 a briquette factory was built on the main shaft in order to be able to process small coal for domestic heating. From 1937 to 1939 miners sank the weather shaft at the train station in Hohenpeißenberg , from mid-October 1960 it was the deepest shaft in Bavaria with a depth of 1150 meters. In 1946, the substructure shafts, which had been used as a weather shaft until then, were filled. In 1951, a new mechanical mining method for thin seams , the so-called ramming operation, was developed in Peißenberg , and in the same year the miners established a breakthrough (underground connection) with the Peitinger mine for the first time. In 1954, the mechanization of coal mining with coal plows and tank conveyors began, and in 1954 the old conveyor frame at the brickworks shaft was replaced by a new, stronger one. In 1961, BHS had the Peißenberg power plant built, a 40 megawatt power plant block near the Zieglmeierschacht, in the same year the production from the Ostfeld began. In 1963 the plant had the highest total workforce with 3913 employees, and at the same time it had the highest annual output that year with 990,000 tons. In the course of the closure of the Hausham pit, BHS bought the Hausham power plant , another 40 MW block power plant , in 1966 . Together with the Peißenberg power station, around 37% of the total production was then converted into electricity. The mine reached its lowest point of mining in 1970 at 1,245 meters.

Cement extraction

In addition to the pitch coal , cement marl was also mined for the production of cement . Cement marl mining was temporarily present in seam 9. In the 19th century there was a cement mill between the Hermann and Mittelstollen, the lime and cement production in connection with the coal mining accounted for about 10% of the turnover from 1870 to 1880. From around 1900 there was a cement works that was roughly between the later brickworks pit and the deep tunnel.

Closure of the mine

Coal production was stopped on March 31, 1971, due to a resolution by the BHS Supervisory Board on November 13, 1969, due to insufficient profitability. Most recently, the maximum conveying capacity was around 3.8 tons per man per shift. Profits could no longer be achieved in recent years. To continue the dismantling, a new weather shaft would have been necessary in the eastern field, which was no longer economically viable. The main reason for the closure of the mine was that this coal, unlike heating oil, was no longer competitive. The Peißenberger and Haushamer power plants were sold to the Isar-Amperwerke and the Lechwerke with effect from October 1, 1970. By December 31, 1972, the business was closed. In order to create new jobs for the miners in a targeted manner after the mine was closed, production sites ( Siemens , MTU , Agfa Gevaert ) and companies (Prüfbau, Cometall) were established in Peißenberg .

On August 2, 1979 the association "Bergbaumuseumsfreunde Peißenberg e.V." entered in the register of associations. In 1995 a memorial chapel for miners was built on the mountain heap on the Guggenberg in Peißenberg. Today there is still a Knappenkapelle (music band) and a Knappenverein in Peißenberg.

Varia

  • In the 1960s, filming for the space series Raumpatrouille Orion took place on the mine dump in Peißenberg.
  • The beginnings of this coal mining were dealt with in the novel by Carl Oskar Renner : Der Spion vom Peißenberg from 1995.
  • In March 2008, film scenes for the short film Die Rote Kapelle by Alexander Böhle and Andreas Bittner were shot on the deep tunnel site (mining museum and in the deep tunnel).

  • Mining Museum in Peißenberg

  • Miners Memorial Chapel in Peißenberg

  • The main tunnel in Hohenpeißenberg

  • At the deep tunnel in Peißenberg

Literature (selection)

  • Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Mining and Mining Museum on the Hohen Peißenberg A guide through the history of mining in the Bavarian Rigi, 3rd expanded edition from 2006, publisher: Association "Bergbaumuseumsfreunde Peißenberg e.V." & Markt Peißenberg, available at the Mining Museum Peißenberg
  • One hundred years of the Peißenberg coal mine 1837 to 1937, Bayerische-Berg-Hütten und Salzwerke AG 1937
  • From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht Mining - Geology - Landscape educational trail at the Hohen Peißenberg, editor: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel, 2nd edition May 2000, editor: Verein der Bergbaumuseumsfreunde Peißenberg e. V.
  • Ernst Ursel: The coal mining in the Pfaffenwinkel , publisher: Bergbaumuseumsfreunde Peißenberg e. V.
  • Karl Buchner: The sales of Upper Bavarian coal from the Peißenberg coal mine in the last 20 years before its closure in 1971 , self-made manuscript, Hohenpeißenberg 2002
  • 135 years of the Peissenberg coal mine 1837–1972 , according to the Peißenberger Heimatlexikon the author is Paul Zerle
  • The Altlandkreis: The magazine for the western Pfaffenwinkel :
    • Issue No. 36, July / August 2016, pp. 26–27
    • Issue No. 41, May / June 2016, pp. 42–43

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 12
  2. ^ From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 20
  3. ↑ a b c From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 13
  4. ^ Paul Zerle: 135 Years of the Peissenberg Coal Mine 1837–1972 , page 44
  5. ↑ Toni Herb: The lights go out in the pit , in: Weilheimer Tagblatt of March 31, 1971 (local section)
  6. ↑ Rudolf Hohenauer: 180 years ago we went into the mountain. In: Weilheimer Tagblatt , weekend edition from 6./7. May 2017, local section, p. 9; historical representation from a long time ago
  7. ↑ a b Hundred Years of Coal Mine Peißenberg 1837 to 1937 , publisher: Bayerische Berg-, Hütten- und Salzwerke, page 15
  8. ↑ Hundred Years of Coal Mine Peißenberg 1837 to 1937, Bayerische-Berg-Hütten und Salzwerke AG 1937, 16-18
  9. ↑ a b Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg , 3rd expanded edition from 2006, page 19
  10. ↑ One Hundred Years of Coal Mine Peißenberg 1837 to 1937 , publisher: Bayerische Berg-, Hütten- und Salzwerke, page 23
  11. ↑ Peter Rasch: The branch lines between Ammersee, Lech and Wertach. With the Ammerseebahn, Pfaffenwinkelbahn & Co around the Bavarian Rigi . EOS Verlag, St. Ottilien 2011, ISBN 978-3-8306-7455-9 , pp. 158-159 .
  12. ↑ a b hospital . In: Max Biller: Peißenberger Heimat-Lexikon , second expanded edition from 1984, page 405 ff
  13. ^ From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 9
  14. ↑ Rudi Hochenauer: Mine accidents claimed 15 deaths . In: Weilheimer Tagblatt from Tuesday, December 29, 2009, page 6 Local
  15. ↑ a b From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 11
  16. ↑ Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg , 3rd expanded edition from 2006, page 28
  17. ↑ network information for the workforce of the coal mine Peißenberg, Number 1, January 1961, page 6
  18. ↑ Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg , 3rd expanded edition from 2006, page 33
  19. ^ Paul Zerle: 135 Years of the Peissenberg Coal Mine 1837–1972 , page 35
  20. ^ Max Biller: Hohenpeißenberger Heimat-Lexikon , 1998, page 116 (keyword: mining)
  21. ↑ a b c From the deep tunnel to the Cölestinschacht (hiking guide), editors: Josef Heinlein, Ludwig Stippel; Publisher: Association of Mining Museum Friends Peißenberg e. V., 2nd edition from 2000, page 10
  22. ^ Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg , 3rd expanded edition from 2006, page 21
  23. ^ Paul Zerle: 135 Years of the Peissenberg Coal Mine 1837–1972 , page 54
  24. ↑ Karl Buchner: The sales of Upper Bavarian coal from the Peißenberg coal mine in the last 20 years before its closure in 1971 , self-made manuscript, Hohenpeißenberg 2002, page 9
  25. ↑ Article: The power plant is being sold . In: Weilheimer Tagblatt from July 28, 1970, local section
  26. ↑ Max Biller, Peißenberger Heimatlexikon , second expanded edition from 1984, page 132, with source reference to: Christine Erhard
  27. ↑ Max Biller, Ludwig Stippel: Bergbau und Bergbau-Museum am Hohen Peißenberg , 3rd expanded edition from 2006, page 80
  28. ↑ Peißenberg: Wir über uns, No. 26, May – June 2015, p. 1 , accessed on July 26, 2015

Web links

Commons : Bergwerk Peißenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files