Bernhard Kretzschmar

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Bernhard Kretzschmar (born December 29, 1889 in Döbeln , † December 16, 1972 in Dresden ) was a German painter and graphic artist . In his early work, a representative of the New Objectivity , whose works were considered so-called degenerate art by the National Socialists , he later received the GDR National Prize for his graphics and colored self-portraits in 1959 .

Stations

After completing an apprenticeship as a decorative painter in 1904, Bernhard Kretzschmar began studying at the Dresden School of Applied Arts from 1909 to 1911. Like many painters of that time (compare Gregor Gog , Hans Bönnighausen ), he also undertook hikes through southern Germany and Switzerland (1911) and an almost year-long trip to Spain and Italy (1913). Eventually Kretzschmar was accepted into the Dresden Art Academy, where he studied with Robert Sterl , Richard Müller and Oskar Zwintscher . From 1914 to 1917 he was a master student of Carl Bantzer at the Dresden Academy. This is where his friendship began with Peter August Böckstiegel and Conrad Felixmüller , with whom he later founded the group in 1917 .

On August 26, 1916, he married Susanna Uhmann, who died in 1941.

Kretzschmar was a medical soldier in Bautzen for one year in 1917/18 . After the end of the First World War , he moved to Gostritz near Dresden in 1918 and was a master student of Robert Sterl at the Dresden Academy from 1919 to 1920 . In 1920 he destroyed all of his previous artistic production and then began to produce expressionistic and expressive-realistic graphics that quickly earned him fame. The influential art critic Julius Meier-Graefe promoted him. In the 1920s he approached the New Objectivity in his work.

Bernhard Kretzschmar was a co-founder of the Dresden Secession in 1932 . In 1936 his work was shown in a solo exhibition at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh. In 1937 47 of his works were confiscated from German museums and were considered " degenerate ". On February 13, 1945, a large part of the factory was destroyed by bombs when the air raids of the time also hit his studio in the Polytechnic School on Antonsplatz . In 2012 a watercolor "Tram" appeared at the Schwabing art discovery .

After the war, Bernhard Kretzschmar began in 1946 as a professor at the Dresden University of Fine Arts, where one of his students was AR Penck (1956/1957). During this time he was particularly connected to the painters Karl Kröner and Wilhelm Lachnit , with whom he went to the Baltic Sea coast to paint. Together with the sculptor Fritz Cremer and the painter Harald Metzkes, he went on a trip to the People's Republic of China in 1954 .

At the beginning of the 1950s he met the painter Hilde Stilijanov and her son Peter. He and Stilijanov married in 1958.

From 1955 to 1972 he mainly drew colored pictures (especially self-portraits). From 1969 he was a corresponding member of the German Academy of the Arts in East Berlin . Works by Kretzschmar are u. a. owned by museums in Barcelona, ​​Berlin, Bremen, Dresden, Essen, Frankfurt a. M., Hamburg, Cologne, Copenhagen, Leipzig, Madrid, Mannheim, Munich, Prague, Rio de Janeiro, Saarbrücken, Vienna, Winterthur, Zurich, Zwickau.

Awards

Works

Bernhard Kretzschmar dedicated several of his paintings to Marienstrasse in Dresden: Marienstrasse in winter , Marienstrasse in the thaw and Marienstrasse in Dresden .

literature

  • Bernhard Kretzschmar . In: Birgit Dalbajewa (ed.): New Objectivity in Dresden . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2011, ISBN 978-3-942422-57-4 , p. 251-254 .
  • Karin Müller-Kelwing: The Dresden Secession 1932 - A group of artists in the field of tension between art and politics . Hildesheim (et al.) 2010, also: Dissertation, TU Dresden 2008, ISBN 978-3-487-14397-2 , pp. 189–190, 373.
  • Bernhard Kretzschmar: Work of the Twenties . Exhibition catalog of the Michael Hasenclever Gallery, Munich 1996
  • Bernhard Kretzschmar. 1889-1989. Paintings, watercolors, drawings, graphics . Exhibition catalog of the Galerie Neue Meister , Dresden 1989
  • Fritz Löffler:  Kretzschmar, Bernhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 18 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Fritz Löffler: Bernhard Kretzschmar . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1985
  • Anke Scharnhorst:  Kretzschmar, Bernhard . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Diether Schmidt: Bernhard Kretzschmar. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden (painter and work series), 1970
  • Gudrun Schmidt: Bernhard Kretzschmar. Catalog raisonné of prints 1914–1969 . Leipzig, 1981
  • Waltraut Schumann: Bernhard Kretzschmar 1889–1972 , in: Dresdner Kunstblätter , 17th year 1973, pp. 9–12
  • Sigrid Walther: Interpretation of Dasein. Bernhard Kretzschmar . Sandstein Verlag , Dresden, 2018

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lost Art , Augsburg Public Prosecutor's Office
  2. ^ Photo by the painters Bernhard Kretzschmar and Wilhelm Lachnit around 1950
  3. ↑ Bernhard Kretzschmar.
  4. ↑ Painting Marienstraße in Winter ( Memento from June 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kretzschmar, Bernhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and graphic artist
DATE OF BIRTH December 29, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Chub
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1972
Place of death Dresden