Berwangen
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Berwangen
municipality Kirchardt
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| Height : | 208 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 8.44 km² |
| Residents : | 1398 (2009) |
| Population density : | 166 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st September 1971 |
| Postal code : | 74912 |
| Area code : | 07266 |
Berwangen is a village with around 1400 inhabitants in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has been part of the Kirchardt municipality since 1971 .
history
At the time of the Romans in southwest Germany between 100 and 260 AD, an important Roman road ran through today's Berwangen, as evidenced by a giant Jupiter column found during excavations . The place was first mentioned by name, as was the current main town Kirchardt and the Bockschaft, which was also incorporated in 1971, in the Lorsch Codex from the 12th century. Berwangen is mentioned there on the occasion of a donation in 793. Due to the geological conditions and the medieval settlement forms of Berwangen and Kirchardt, it is assumed that Berwangen was settled from Richen and that Kirchardt was a subsequent Berwangen foundation. The second oldest mention of Berwangen dates back to 1280, when Heinrich von Neipperg handed over a farm in Berwangen to the Frauenzimmern monastery.
The place name is of Alemannic origin and means pork field or berry field. As in neighboring Kirchardt, there were farmers in Berwangen who cultivated fields and mostly fattened pigs. In the early and high Middle Ages, the buildings in Berwangen were usually thatched wooden houses; stone foundations were not prescribed until the 16th century. In the high Middle Ages, the village presented itself as Etterdorf, which was surrounded by a fence, the so-called Etter .
Half of the medieval upper fiefdom holdings in Berwangen belonged to the Count Palatine and half to the Lords of Helmstatt , who had acquired them from the Lords of Venningen . The Helmstatt, however, also assumed the feudal rule for the Electoral Palatinate half as a feudal lordship and the place was assigned to the knight canton of Kraichgau . The church patronage was with the Lords of Gemmingen . In the 14th century there was also a court belonging to the Counts of Württemberg (Erpfenhof), with which the Lords of Neipperg were enfeoffed from 1556 to 1796 , who in turn lent the court to various farmers as peasant bonds. In Berwangen there was also a wine press (on the site of today's schoolhouse) and several mills, for which a mill channel was branched off from the Birkenbach.
The Neipperger had a rent office in Berwangen, which the residents called the Hochherrenhaus . The stately half-timbered building from 1782, which was demolished in 1974, was located opposite the church and probably goes back to a medieval noblemen's dwelling, which was once surrounded by circular walls and moats in conjunction with the nearby church. The old church in Berwangen was consecrated to the Holy Cross around 1496, but was devastated in 1622 in connection with the battle of Wimpfen .
After the childless death of the last fiefdom bearer of the Electorate of the Palatinate, Wolfgang Friedrich Eberhard von Helmstatt, the share of the Electorate of the Palatinate passed to Pleikard Maximilian Augustin von Helmstatt, a representative of another branch of the family. After the electoral Palatinate was dissolved in 1803, their legal successors, the Prince of Leiningen , sold the former Palatinate half of the village to the Lords of Berlichingen , leaving one sixth of it to the Helmstatt heirs. This created the rule of condominium Freih. von Helmstättische Allodialerbe and Freih. von Berlichingen's relics, whose complicated basic rights still existed until the middle of the 19th century.
On November 13, 1806, Berwangen came to the Grand Duchy of Baden as an independent municipality through a state treaty between Baden and Württemberg .
Around 1800 Berwangen had around 750 inhabitants and was thus about the same size as the neighboring Kirchardt, which later became the much larger capital. Sources from Berwangen have come down to us from the revolution in 1848, expressing themselves skeptical about the demands for freedom of the press and freedom of religion, since at that time people were primarily concerned with fighting hunger and freedom of the spirit could not be eaten. Due to emigration due to the prevailing poverty, the population growth in Berwangen stagnated in the following decades, so that in 1933 there were still 750 inhabitants and in 1939 722 inhabitants.
During and after the Second World War, the population rose to 1158 in 1946 due to the influx of refugees and displaced persons. Since many of the displaced people did not find a living in agriculture, the population development then declined again and in 1950 was still 1,085 people.
In 1949, construction sites were designated in the area of Blumenstrasse , followed by the new development areas Forstgässle I and II .
On September 1, 1971, Berwangen was incorporated into the Kirchardt community (then still in the Sinsheim district ). When it was incorporated, 919 inhabitants were counted. With the district reform in 1973, Berwangen and Kirchardt came to the Heilbronn district .
The industrial areas Im Bruch and Kandel, which were designated in 1971 and 1984 , the Baden-Württemberg redevelopment program “Village Development Measures” from 1978 and the designation of the new construction area Am Ittlinger Graben after 1990 contributed to the current shape and expansion of the place .
Lords of Berwangen
The Lords of Berwangen were a ministerial family that appeared in the 14th century , named after the place and may be related to the Lords of Neipperg, von Hornberg and von Fürfeld, whose coats of arms also show three rings. The most important representative was Albrecht I von Berwangen , the first court master at the Baden court in 1387, bailiff of Baden in 1395, custodian at the court of the Electorate of the Palatinate around 1400 and, lastly, court advisor under King Ruprecht III. was. The award of a farm in Berwangen as a man fief to Albrecht I has been handed down from 1398. The family could have owned that farm for a long time, but probably didn't have a manor in Berwangen. The trace of the family is lost in the 16th century, the further fate of their farm in Berwangen is unknown.
Religions
After the Reformation, Berwangen was predominantly evangelical. There is a Protestant parish, and there is also a parish hall for the Liebenzell parish . The Berwangen Catholics were initially part of the Catholic community in Gemmingen and in 1978 they were re-parish to the Catholic community of St. Giles in Kirchardt.
The Jewish community of Berwangen came into being as a result of the settlement of protective Jews by the local rulers, presumably as early as the 17th century, had a synagogue from 1771 and had its own Jewish cemetery in Berwangen since the middle of the 19th century . The community numbered over 120 people in the first half of the 19th century, but experienced a gradual decline due to emigration and emigration in the second half of the 19th century. In 1933 there were still 33 Jews living in Berwangen, most of whom emigrated from 1936. The synagogue was destroyed in 1938. The community went through the deportation of the last nine Berwanger Jews in October 1940. Of the deportees have come six to death.
coat of arms
Until 1900 Berwangen only had the capital letter "B" in the seal. Today's coat of arms of Berwangen goes back to the coat of arms of the Lords of Berwangen in the late Middle Ages, who probably named themselves after the place. The coat of arms was designed by the General State Archives in Karlsruhe, approved by the Baden Ministry of the Interior on July 3, 1900, and shows a blue sloping bar in gold, covered with three silver rings.
Buildings and sights
- Evangelical church, built in 1823/24 in place of a previous building from the 15th century
- Old town hall from 1787, today the community hall of the Liebenzell community
- Schoolhouse from 1902, built on the site of the former wine press
- Jupiter giant column (replica) in the school yard
- The former Jewish school from 1845 was converted into a residential building; the synagogue was once located on the garage area of the property. Outside the village on Fürfelder Weg near the Upper Mill is the Jewish cemetery.
school
Jewish Cemetery
former Jewish school
Personalities
- Julius Keller (born May 16, 1847 in Berwangen; † August 15, 1911 in Ziegelhausen), grammar school teacher, director and author
literature
- Gustav Neuwirth: History of the Kirchardt community and the districts of Berwangen and Bockschaft . Kirchardt 1978
- Kirchardt, Berwangen, Bockschaft. A home book . Kirchardt 1991
- Berwangen, Bockschaft, Kirchardt. A second home book . Kirchardt 1993
Individual evidence
- ↑ Edmund Kiehnle: The giant column of Jupiter to Berwangen, in: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research, volume 13, 1993, pp. 169–176.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 479 .
