Dettighofen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Dettighofen
Dettighofen
Map of Germany, position of the municipality of Dettighofen highlighted

Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '  N , 8 ° 29'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Freiburg
County : Waldshut
Height : 488 m above sea level NHN
Area : 14.39 km 2
Residents: 1139 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 79 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 79802
Area code : 07742
License plate : WT
Community key : 08 3 37 030
Address of the
municipal administration:
Berwanger Strasse 5
79802 Dettighofen
Website : www.dettighofen.de
Mayoress : Marion Frei
Location of the community of Dettighofen in the district of Waldshut
Aare Landkreis Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Landkreis Lörrach Landkreis Konstanz Landkreis Tuttlingen Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Albbruck Bad Säckingen Bernau im Schwarzwald Bonndorf im Schwarzwald Dachsberg (Südschwarzwald) Dettighofen Dogern Eggingen Görwihl Grafenhausen Häusern Herrischried Höchenschwand Hohentengen am Hochrhein Ibach (Schwarzwald) Jestetten Klettgau (Gemeinde) Küssaberg Lauchringen Laufenburg (Baden) Lottstetten Murg (Hochrhein) Rickenbach (Hotzenwald) St. Blasien Stühlingen Todtmoos Ühlingen-Birkendorf Waldshut-Tiengen Wehr (Baden) Weilheim (Baden) Wutach (Gemeinde) Wutöschingen Schweiz Rheinmap
About this picture

Dettighofen is a municipality in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg . It is located at the entrance to the customs exclusion zone established in 1840 and repealed in 1935 , the so-called Jestetter Zipfel .

In the first half of the 20th century, Dettighofen became known far beyond the region as "the reading and hearing village". This was thanks to the commitment of its residents to their library donated by the Wittmer family who emigrated to the USA. Progressive scientific literature and lectures - also on agricultural topics - led to a strong sense of community among the residents, to spontaneous education and, thanks to new farming methods, also to economic advantages. In 1910 the place was therefore visited by Prince Max von Baden .

The municipality is a member of the Jestetten municipal administration association with its seat in Jestetten .

geography

Geographical location

Dettighofen is located in the Schwarzbachtal, embedded between the Klettgau and the Upper Rhine , five kilometers away , in a "bottleneck" between the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen and Zurich. The municipality lies together with the municipalities of Jestetten and Lottstetten in the "Jestetter Zipfel", which is 55 km away from the Swiss border and connected to Germany by a single road. The highest point is the 641 m high Napberg.

Community structure

The town hall in Dettighofen

Since January 1, 1974, the municipality of Dettighofen has included not only Dettighofen but also the municipalities of Baltersweil and Berwangen, which were joined by the municipal reform . In 1927 the separate district Häuserhof and 1936 which until then was Weisweil belonging Albführen well as to Buhl belonging Eichberg with the district Dettighofen combined. The separate Reutehof district at Baltersweil and the settlement area “Im Moos” (above the vines) at Berwangen had been struck. In Dettighofen in the territory of 1973 is the Haslermühle desert . Nothing is known about their exact location.

Neighboring communities

The municipality borders in the north on Wilchingen in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen , in the east on Jestetten and in the south on the two Swiss municipalities Rafz and Wil in the right bank of the Rhine in the canton of Zurich and in the west on the municipality Klettgau .

history

founding

As a place with the ending -hofen, the establishment of Dettighofen is assigned to the settlement expansion in the 6th or 7th century in recent research; in the older research on place names, declared as the "court of Tetinc", which was created during the Alemannic era in the 5th century. Later, when new farms were founded in connection with large-scale clearing, the Tetinc farm became the Kellhof , "the economic and political center of the growing settlement."

Dettighofen was first mentioned in documents in 1272. At that time the place belonged to the Rheinau monastery , which came into the possession of the city of Zurich in the 17th century .

Middle Ages and Modern Times

In 1419 the castle feud of Weißenburg Castle and the Vogtrecht over Erzingen came to the Schaffhausen bourgeois family Im Thurn via the noble families Brümsi and von Endingen , it also included properties and income from Dettighofen, Eichberg, Berwangen, Bühl and Geißlingen. The Im Thurn inherited the property through a daughter to the Humpbiß family . The loan interest was sold on May 5, 1520 for 240 guilders to the councilor and later mayor of Schaffhausen, Conrad Mayer. Pastor Hans Conrad Hauser bought the property back through Junker Johann Stockar in 1712 and brought it to the chaplain marriage he had founded. The monastery of St. Blasien also owned a Kelnhof and goods in Dettighofen from 1357.

The Reutehof was owned by the Schaffhausen patrician family von Waldkirch for centuries . The mayor of Schaffhausen Konrad von Waldkirch acquired it when the Reformation was introduced in order to be able to live here according to his Catholic faith. The family later had their own prayer chair in the church. The original farm was removed to the state of Baden after 1806 through a change of ownership, and most of the area was reforested.

Baltersweil was first mentioned in 885 and, like Berwangen, belonged to the Reichenau monastery . In 1806 all three villages came to the newly created Grand Duchy of Baden .

Wittmer library

founding

In July 1900, Georg Wittmer , who emigrated to America from Dettighofen, went on a trip to Europe with his son Martin, which also led to their old homeland. After 20 years as a coal miner, Georg Wittmer was able to purchase a piece of land in Pennsylvania in 1875, build a house, have his father and siblings follow him, and with this support make a name for himself as a brick manufacturer. More land was acquired on which oil was found (1888) and Georg Wittmer became a millionaire. In addition to the old ideas of "frugal living and hard work", Wittmer had come to the realization that "freedom and development of personality as well as economic success are (also) the result of education" and so he wanted to "donate a foundation" to his home community of Dettighofen . This is what Hubert Matt-Willmatt wrote in the Chronicle of Dettighofen 1992. A variant of this representation can be found in Hellmut Kohlbecker, 1969/70: The Wittmers first thought of the foundation of a fountain, but “the Dettighofeners wrote back that they preferred books should be read on winter evenings, especially books that could serve to expand knowledge. ”This also pleased the emigrants. Obviously, the Wittmer Foundation was founded in 1901, which had already formed a fund, whereupon “Georg, Xaver and Henry Wittmer (transferred) an amount of 3,000 dollars on New Year's 1903, which was used to build a meeting place, a reading room should. ”The members of the Volksbildungsverein were: Former Mayor Anton Saurer, a childhood friend of Georg Wittmer, as honorary president; Alexander Würtenberger as president, Johannes Roos (mayor), Ludwig Bercher, Arnold Albrecht, Franz Anton Saurer and Johann Kriegel as board members, Eduard Bernhard as librarian, Wilhelm Keßler as computer and Oskar Holzscheiter as secretary. On April 26, 1904, the people's education association with 41 citizens was entered as members in the register of associations of the Baden district court in Waldshut (after Kohlbecker / Matt-Willmatt).

The library in winter 2006

The newly built reading hall was inaugurated on Sunday, May 7th, 1905; the library contained approx. 1400 volumes.

People's education association

In the statutes it was stipulated: “The purpose of the association is to promote general education as well as specialist training, the intellectual and material well-being of the local residents, to support charitable endeavors and undertakings of all kinds, and at any time for the dissemination of information (that was political and social Enlightenment meant) and to serve healthy progress. "

“The founders of the association were aware of the ambiguity of the terms Enlightenment and Progress: They therefore included this provision in the statutes: 'In cases where there are differences of opinion about the terms progress and Enlightenment, the issue of the Philosophical Faculty in Heidelberg should be accommodated Decision to be submitted. ' In the association's carefully kept log book there is no reference to any claims made by Heidelberg University in this regard . The president and board seem to have always agreed on the line to be taken. "

- H. Kohlbecker : Dettighofen - the reading and hearing village, p. 109 f.

“Dettighofen soon became a reader-loving village, and soon after the association was founded, the board invited writers and scientists to lectures in the reading room during the winter months. The first lecture was given [...] in 1907 by the Freiburg university professor Schultze-Gävernitz on the subject of 'agricultural training'. "

Carl Scheller brought continuity in the management of the association - for more than 35 years this also benefited the cooperation with the founding family and their representatives in the USA. There were several visits by family members of the Wittmers and their descendants in Dettighofen. The last general assembly documented in the literature took place in 1990 under the direction of President Fritz Schaub.

The library in 2015

Library

  • A catalog of the Wittmer library in Dettighofen (Baden) had already been printed in 1904 .
  • On July 18, 1910, the reading room was visited unannounced by His Royal Highness Prince Max von Baden . "The distinguished visitor inquired in detail about the library and expressed his satisfaction."
  • During the First World War, the association provided the reading room and the means for packing and shipping front parcels.
  • In the period of inflation in 1923 , the regular Wittmer transfer was set up in Swiss francs.
  • 1929: The Volksbildungsverein tries to protect itself against "one-sided tendencies of a political or religious nature" in new statutes.
  • 1933: Doubtful literature is outsourced to a "rest department".
  • The popular education associations in Germany are classified in the national-socialist "Nationalbildungswerk". Chairman Carl Scheller forbids "'Meetings of people in uniform' [...] in order to avoid difficulties with the founders living in the USA," especially since one could assume that not everyone in Dettighofen is in favor of National Socialism "..." and has to deal with district leader Woll in Waldshut.
  • July 16, 1939: Publication of the Dettighofen village chronicle. Carl Scheller is re-elected.
  • With the beginning of the war, the reading room is "made available to the community for any war-necessary facilities."
  • July 9, 1944: “It was not possible to buy books because of the prevailing war conditions. Lectures did not take place. "
  • August 26, 1946, first board meeting after the war: "According to the regulations of the occupying power books of warlike and partisan content were burned or were delivered to the gendarmerie station in the district office."
  • 1948: The control of the library was finished, book lending was resumed.
  • At the age of 23, the future Federal Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger , who often spent his holidays with relatives in Dettighofen, often visited the library and remembered this when he was Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg in Waldshut in 1959.
  • At the beginning of the 1960s the reading room was expanded with an extension, but the great days of the library were over - H. Kohlbecker wrote in 1969: Only recently, since television has been providing information and education in an attractive way alongside radio, has there been a decline occurred in the use of the library. The evenings in Dettighofen are, as everywhere in the country, after the motorization of the rural population has given greater mobility, no longer of the same contemplative, quiet nature as when the library was founded. One reads less (p. 111).
  • 1988: Older books, especially those of ideal and antiquarian value, are lost from the library's holdings.
  • 1991: Reorganization and cataloging of the entire book collection by bookkeeper Johanna Smettan.
Memorial stele in Eichberg

Art exile during the Nazi dictatorship

On April 20, 1934, an unexpected visitor arrived in Eichberg near Dettighofen - the painter Oskar Schlemmer and his family found refuge here from the stalking of National Socialist 'cultural politicians' in Berlin.

“Eichberg offered the ostracized artist and his family the opportunity to stay afloat with agriculture and horticulture under the simplest economic conditions. Lack of money was a constant companion in those years. Due to the limited space in the Dichterhäusle on the Eichberg, Schlemmer turned to new painting techniques and subjects. The Schlemmers felt their time in the district was full of privation, but happy. "

- Klaus Isele: Happy breathing space , in: Heimat am Hochrhein, 1990.

The arrangement of the exile came about either through a daughter of Alexander Würtenberger, who had built the house as a retirement home, or through an artist friend who often drove through the area.

Living together with the Eichbergers "worked very well". The painter wrote about the artistic suggestions that the narrowness of his studio drove him to “escape into the open”, his claim was “to transfer the regularities of elementary relationships of shapes and colors gained in the composition of the figure paintings onto the landscape.” To what extent that for him succeeded is not known. The 'man in space' was his main motif and this was put to a new test in the 'primeval' landscape on the Eichberg.

The painting Bauhaus stairs (1932) on the stele

"As far as is known, Schlemmer did not give any of his pictures to the Eichberg neighborhood, but [...] he created scenes at Carnival for the Eichberg amateur theater players." The Schlemmer family wore their daughters Jaina and Karin and their son Tilman at parties. contributes a lot to community and conviviality. Looking back, on the occasion of an exhibition in Bad Säckingen in 1972, Ms. Schlemmer said in a speech: “We should never have left Eichberg.” On September 30, 1937, the Schlemmers had moved to Sehringen near Badenweiler in 1943 - not yet 55 years old - Oskar Schlemmer died in Baden-Baden. “The connection to the Eichbergers, especially Ms. Rosa Frey and former mayor Schaub as former neighbors, remained even after the death of Oskar Schlemmer and was kept alive by mutual visits. [...] In 1991 the intercity train (IC) from Stuttgart to Dortmund [..] was named after Oskar Schlemmer. Rosa Frey and Fritz Schaub were invited as former neighbors to the inauguration. "

Political developments

Because of the complicated course of the border in this region, the area of ​​the Jestetter Zipfel was declared a customs exclusion area in 1840 , which shortened the border to be monitored from 55 km to 6 km. This regulation, which lasted until 1935, brought the residents of the area a modest level of prosperity, as they could offer their products duty-free in Baden, Germany and Switzerland. Petrol was cheaper than in Switzerland and than in the rest of Germany and along the main roads, numerous petrol stations opened which sold duty-free fuel.

After the First World War, the Baden government flatly rejected the attempt to join the Jestetter Zipfels.

The municipality in its current size was created as part of the Baden-Württemberg regional reform on January 1, 1974 by merging the previously independent municipalities of Baltersweil, Berwangen and Dettighofen.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council in Dettighofen has 10 members. The local election on May 26, 2019 led to the following official final result. The turnout was 65.6% (2014: 58.3%). The municipal council consists of the elected voluntary councilors and the mayor as chairperson. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council.

Independent citizens' association 65.1% 7 seats   2014: 73.5% 7 seats
Alliance 90 / The Greens 34.9% 3 seats 2014: 26.5% 3 seats

mayor

Marion Frei has been mayor since May 2014 (non-party).

From 1990 to 2014 Gerhard Riedmüller was mayor of Dettighofen.

media

The one-time newspaper district Südkurier is represented in Dettighofen with its branch Alb-Bote . In addition there is the advertising paper "Anzeiger Hochrhein". Hierzuland.info reports online about the community and the surrounding areas.

Personalities

Personalities associated with the community

See also: Würtenberger (family)

literature

  • Hubert Matt-Willmatt, Dettighofen Baltersweil Berwangen , 1992
  • Georg Jäger: Jestetten and its surroundings. A home book for the Baden customs exclusion area . 1930

Web links

Commons : Dettighofen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg administrative region . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 982-983. Additions to: Hubert Matt-Willmatt: Dettighofen, Ed .: Gemeinde Dettighofen 1992, p. 39 f.
  3. ^ Otto Heilig: The place names in Baden, Karlsruhe 1921.
  4. ^ Kilian Weber: Dettighofen, Heimatbuch einer Grenzdorfes, Verlag des Volksbildungsverein - Wittmerstiftung, 1939, p. 40.
  5. Dettighofen community (ed.), Hubert Matt-Willmatt: Dettighofen Baltersweil Berwangen 1992, pp. 113–117
  6. Hellmut Kohlbecker: Dettighofen, the reading and hearing village in: Heimat am Hochrhein, series of publications des Landkreis Waldshut 1969/70, p. 108.
  7. ^ Hubert Matt-Willmatt: Wittmer-Stiftung - Volksbildungsverein in: Dettighofen - Baltersweil - Berwangen , Ed .: Municipality Dettighofen 1992, p. 339.
  8. ^ Reports in the Alb Bote from May 6th and 11th, 1905.
  9. The log book was copied by Ms. Johanna Smettan in February 1989 and is in bound form in the town hall archives. Matt-Willmatt, p. 343. In Dettighofen , excerpts are printed on 12 pages.
  10. H. Kohlbecker, p. 112.
  11. Matt-Willmatt, Protocol Johanna Smettan, p. 343. Here also the information in the following section (up to p. 354)
  12. Quotes: Klaus Isele: 'A happy breathing space on our path of fate' , Heimat am Hochrhein, 1990, pp. 102 to 104.
  13. Hubert Matt-Willmatt: The painter Oskar Schlemmer , in: Dettighofen, p. 374 f.