Jestetter tip
The Jestetter Zipfel is a small region in southwest Germany. A German strip of territory extends between the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Schaffhausen and consists of the area of the three communities Lottstetten , Jestetten and Dettighofen in Baden-Württemberg .
location
The area is located in a region surrounded by the border with Switzerland for a length of 55 kilometers and can only be reached directly by vehicle traffic from Germany via a national road . Another direct road connection leads over Swiss territory through the Wangental . The most important traffic artery is federal highway 27 , which was previously interrupted by Swiss territory . Contrary to what it looks like, the area is not an exclave .
Parish divisions
The municipality Jestetten with the formerly independent municipality of Altenburg include a total of nine villages, farms and houses and the Outbound Edenburg .
The Lottstetten municipality includes the villages of Lottstetten, Balm and Nack, the hamlet of Dietenberg, the Hardtweghöfe homestead and the houses Lottstetten-Landstraße, Zollamt and Nacker Mühle . The Blitzberg and Gaißberg deserts are located in the municipality.
Since January 1, 1974, the municipality of Dettighofen has included not only Dettighofen but also the municipalities of Baltersweil and Berwangen, which were joined by the municipal reform . In Dettighofen in the territory of 1973 is the Haslermühle desert . Nothing is known about their exact location.
history
The medieval Balm Castle of the same name , which controlled the High Rhine Valley here for a long time, was located in today's district of Balm . The family of Hermann von Sulz from the Count von Sulz family lived in the castle until the castle was destroyed by the Schaffhausen family .
During the Thirty Years' War , Lottstetten was the scene of a battle that wreaked havoc on the country:
“In a battle on May 7, 1633 near Lottstetten between a 300-strong French cavalry division serving under Swedish flags and Klettgau peasants, 150 of the 600 peasants were killed, a large proportion captured and the others chased away. The then Lottstetter pastor recorded the dramatic events in a report in the church register. In revenge for the attack by the peasants, Colonel Villefranche had Lottstetten burned down on May 8, 1633 in such a short time that everything burned in one hour and a second. In the following days Jestetten, Erzingen, Grießen and almost all Klettgaudörfer were plundered, houses set on fire and the population tortured. "
The Jestetter Zipfel emerged in the middle of the 17th century when the Counts of Sulz sold parts of the Landgraviate of Klettgau , namely the Upper Klettgau to the north of Schaffhausen and the Rafzerfeld to the south of Zurich. In 1806 the remaining Landgraviate became Baden . In terms of foreign trade, Baden initially practiced free trade . That changed in 1835 when it joined the German Customs Union. The resulting customs border brought the residents of the Jestetter Zipfels considerable economic difficulties; the long border line could hardly be monitored.
This was remedied by declaring the Jestetter Zipfel with the municipalities of Jestetten , Lottstetten and Dettighofen to be a customs exclusion area by decree of July 30, 1840 , which shortened the border to be monitored from 55 to 6 kilometers. This regulation, which existed until 1935, brought the inhabitants of the area a modest level of prosperity, as they could offer their products duty-free in Baden or in the German Empire and Switzerland . The occasional smuggling was not only caused by times of need. Petrol was cheaper than in Switzerland and the rest of Germany, and numerous petrol stations opened along the main roads that sold duty-free fuel.
After the First World War, the Baden government flatly rejected the Jestetter Zipfel's attempt to join forces. However, she was ready to exchange the two Baden enclaves Verenahof and Büsingen on the Upper Rhine in return for sufficient decree with Switzerland.
Its status as a customs exclusion zone was lifted in 1935.
After the occupation at the end of the Second World War, the former customs exclusion area with the villages of Jestetten, Lottstetten and Altenburg was evacuated by the French occupying forces on May 15, 1945 .
End of war and post-war period
After the occupation of South Baden at the end of World War II , the area also fell into the hands of the French occupying power . For the commander of the 1st Army , Jean de Lattre de Tassigny , the area in the demarcation was too confusing. He had it evacuated. On May 14, 1945, the population was called to march, and on the following day almost all residents of Jestetten, Altenburg, Lottstetten and Nack were on their way via Grießen to the Black Forest . The French acted from a military point of view. There are said to have been scattered German soldiers in the forests on the Swiss border and rumors about an exchange of territory with Switzerland were also in circulation. The Second World War had only recently ended and the regular German troops had also relocated for military purposes. It was also customary in the French army to evacuate towns from the civilian population. The procedure therefore did not attract any particular attention internationally or in Switzerland. The files in the French army archive describe the process as a purely military measure. The establishment of a five-kilometer-wide blocked corridor along the entire German-Swiss border, decided by the Allies, was not feasible in the section of the Jestetter Zipfel due to its complicated borderline. This would have been necessary to make it more difficult for war criminals to flee.
In addition, in Law No. 161 , the Allied Military Government had ordered a five-kilometer-wide “restricted border area” on the German borders; this also threatened the existence of many localities along the Rhine and around the canton of Schaffhausen . Not least because the passing Jestetters presented their own fate, however, organized resistance arose in Klettgau . Via connections with Switzerland the matter could be dealt with through the Apostolic Nuncio Roncalli, later Pope John XXIII. , be managed. By decision of the military governor on June 3, 1945, all localities south of the Wutach valley were spared the order. Before the decision was made, 140 citizens in Erzingen had signed a vow to build a chapel .
In the summer of 1945, the population found accommodation in various Black Forest villages. By autumn 1945, the inhabitants of the then four villages were back in their homeland. On January 1, 1973 Altenburg was incorporated.
traffic
Road traffic
The Federal Highway 27 goes to the border crossings Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Rafz in the Swiss main road 4 about, thus connecting the north with Jestetten Schaffhausen and south of Zurich.
Rail transport
history
Since the Rhine Falls Railway opened at that time from Schaffhausen via Winterthur to Zurich , especially as the Gotthard feeder, no longer met the needs, the Swiss Northeast Railway decided to build a more direct route. Since the new line at Jestetten and Lottstetten runs through German territory, a state treaty was signed on May 21, 1875 between Switzerland and the Grand Duchy of Baden , which regulates the construction and operation of this line.
The Eglisau – Neuhausen railway is the last section of the Zurich –Bülach – Schaffhausen railway , which was opened on June 1, 1897 by the Swiss Northeastern Railway (NOB).
Jestetten station has not been occupied since 2002 .
Todays situation
The route runs between Rafz and Neuhausen am Rheinfall across German territory, but is still subject to Swiss railway operating regulations and the Swiss internal tariff. It still has no direct connection to the rest of the German railway network.
Today there is an InterCity Zurich - Singen - Stuttgart every two hours on the route . Local traffic consists of the hourly S9 Zurich – Schaffhausen line of the Zurich S-Bahn .
Jestetten station is next to Lottstetten station one of two SBB stations on German territory after Altenburg-Rheinau station was closed by the SBB at the end of 2010 (in favor of a stop in Neuhausen am Rheinfall ).
shipping
The Rhine ferry Ellikon – Nack is an international passenger ferry on the Upper Rhine . It leads from Ellikon am Rhein, a district of the municipality of Marthalen in Switzerland, to Nack, a district of the municipality of Lottstetten in Germany. The ferry does not operate in winter. Until 1972 there was a customs clearance point in Ellikon for the passengers of the ferry.
The ferry may be used by Swiss customs officers to go armed from Ellikon via German territory to Rüdlingen in Switzerland on the right bank of the Rhine . According to current international law, "only knowledgeable, strong men with normal visual and hearing organs who are not devoted to drinking may be used as ferrymen."
The ferry connection has been included in the inventory of historical traffic routes in Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg region Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 983-984
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg administrative region . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 982-983. Additions to: Hubert Matt-Willmatt: Dettighofen, Ed .: Gemeinde Dettighofen 1992, p. 39 f.
- ^ History of Jestetten ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (with map of the customs exclusion zone)
- ↑ The temporary deportation of the German residents of the Jestetter Zipfels from 1945 onwards is an overnight departure. In: Südkurier. August 27, 2015, accessed November 13, 2019 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .
- ↑ State treaty between Switzerland and the Grand Duchy of Baden regarding the connection of the railways on both sides at Schaffhausen and Stühlingen (PDF; 22 kB)
- ^ Swiss-German agreement on rights of passage, concluded on February 5, 1958 ( SR 0.631.256.913.65)
- ^ Agreement between Switzerland and the Grand Duchy of Baden of February 25 and March 7, 1896 (SR 0.747.224.33)
- ↑ IVS ZH 903 ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 ′ 5 ″ N , 8 ° 34 ′ 20 ″ E