Bismuth chloride oxide
Crystal structure | |||||||||||||||||||
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__ Bi 3+ __ Cl - __ O 2− | |||||||||||||||||||
General | |||||||||||||||||||
Surname | Bismuth chloride oxide | ||||||||||||||||||
other names |
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Ratio formula | BiOCl | ||||||||||||||||||
Brief description |
odorless white solid |
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properties | |||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 260.48 g mol −1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
7.72 g cm −3 |
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solubility |
almost insoluble in water, easily soluble in acids |
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safety instructions | |||||||||||||||||||
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Thermodynamic properties | |||||||||||||||||||
ΔH f 0 |
−366.9 kJ / mol |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Bismuth chloride oxide is a chemical compound made from bismuth , chlorine and oxygen that is used in the cosmetics industry.
Extraction and presentation
When a solution of bismuth (III) chloride prepared with water containing hydrochloric acid is dripped into a lot of water, bismuth chloride oxide ( basic bismuth chloride) separates out in shiny flakes or as a dazzling white powder.
It is also possible to display it by reacting bismuth (III) chloride with cadmium (II) oxide at 400 ° C.
properties
Bismuth chloride oxide is a colorless crystal powder that is only very slightly soluble in water and has a tetragonal crystal structure. In addition to the anhydrate, there is also a hydrate BiOCl · H 2 O. There are contradicting literature data on the water content of the preparations obtainable by hydrolysis of bismuth (III) chloride, but they can be dehydrated to BiOCl by heating to> 260 ° C. Bismuth chloride oxide (BiClO) crystallizes tetragonally , space group P 4 / nmm (space group no. 129) with the lattice parameters a = 3.887 Å and c = 7.354 Å. The structure consists of Bi 3+ ions, which are coordinated by four chloride and four oxide ions. The coordination polyhedron is a square antiprism. Each chloride and oxide ion coordinates a further three bismuth ions, so that a layer structure results. In addition to BiClO, the bismuth chloride oxides Bi 3 ClO 4 and Bi 24 Cl 10 O 31 are also known.
use
Bismuth chloride oxide was previously used in medicine and as make-up (bismuth white, pearl white, make-up powder, blanc d'Espagne). It is still used today as a dye in lipsticks, mascara and similar cosmetic products and is used as a material for pearlescent effects. It is also used in combination with prednisolone acetate in ointments or suppositories for hemorrhoids .
literature
- Gerhard Pfaff: Special effect pigments: Basics and applications . 2nd Edition. Vincentz Network GmbH & Co KG, 2007, ISBN 978-3-86630-895-4 ; Pp. 37–39 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b data sheet bismuth chloride oxide from AlfaAesar, accessed on February 3, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .
- ↑ a b bismuth chloride . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 16, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 696.
- ↑ a b data sheet bismuth chloride oxide from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 13, 2011 ( PDF ).
- ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-6.
- ↑ a b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 598.
- ↑ KG Keramidas, GPVoutsas, PI Rentzeperis: The crystal structure of BiOCl. In: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie , 205, 1993, pp. 35-40, doi: 10.1524 / zkri.1993.205.Part-1.35 .
- ↑ U. Eggenweiler, E. Keller, V. Krämer, CA Meyer, J. Ketterer: Crystal structure of tribismuth tetraoxide chloride, Bi 3 ClO 4 . In: Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures , 213, 1998, p. 695.
- ↑ U. Eggenweiler, E. Keller, V. Krämer: Redetermination of the crystal structures of the 'Arppe compound' Bi 24 O 31 Cl 10 and the isomorphous Bi 24 O 31 Br 10 . In: Acta Crystallographica , B56, 2000, pp. 431-437, doi: 10.1107 / S0108768100000550 .
- ↑ pvsoap.com: How to Make Your Own Mineral Makeup ( Memento from May 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ BBS II Celle: Bunt and Effect Pigments ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) ( MS Word ; 171 kB)