Bismuth (III) chloride

Crystal structure
Bi 3+ : __ Cl - : __
Crystal system	orthorhombic
Space group	Pnma (No. 62)
General
Surname	Bismuth (III) chloride
other names	Bismuth trichloride
Ratio formula	BiCl 3
Brief description	white solid with a slight chlorine odor
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 7787-60-2 EC number 232-123-2 ECHA InfoCard 100.029.203 PubChem 24591 Wikidata Q420498
properties
Molar mass	315.34 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	4.75 g cm −3
Melting point	230-232 ° C
boiling point	447 ° C
solubility	soluble in water with hydrolysis .
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 315-319 P: 302 + 352-305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data	3334 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−379 kJ mol −1
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Bismuth trichloride is a chemical compound between bismuth and chlorine with the empirical formula BiCl ₃ . It is a colorless solid.

Extraction and presentation

Bismuth (III) chloride can be obtained either directly from the elements or by reacting bismuth (III) oxide with hydrochloric acid .

${\displaystyle {\ce {2Bi + 3Cl2 -> 2BiCl3}}}$

${\displaystyle {\ce {Bi2O3 + 6HCl -> 2BiCl3 + 3H2O}}}$

properties

Bismuth (III) chloride

Bismuth (III) chloride forms white, deliquescent crystals that smell of hydrogen chloride . The structure of bismuth (III) chloride corresponds to that of bismuth (III) fluoride . It represents a distorted uranium (III) chloride structure.

Bismuth (III) chloride reacts with water to form insoluble bismuth chloride oxide , but the reaction can be suppressed by acidification.

${\displaystyle {\ce {BiCl3 + H2O -> BiOCl v + 2 HCl}}}$

Bismuth (III) chloride is a Lewis acid ; anionic complexes of the form ECl ₄ ^- , ECl ₅ ²⁻ or ECl ₆ ³⁻ are formed with chloride donors such as sodium chloride .

In contrast to arsenic and antimony (III) chloride , bismuth (III) chloride cannot be oxidized to bismuth (V) chloride.

use

By reacting sodium tungstate with bismuth (III) chloride, bismuth tungstate and sodium chloride can be obtained.

${\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ BiCl_{3}+3\ Na_{2}WO_{4}\ \longrightarrow {}\ Bi_{2}(WO_{4})_{3}\downarrow +6\ NaCl} }$

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} data sheet bismuth (III) chloride (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Entry on bismuth (III) chloride in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
3. ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 952 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
4. ↑ Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 597.
5. ^ Joel Henry Hildebrand: Principles of Chemistry . BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, ISBN 0559318774 , p. 191.
6. ^ RJ Meyer: Wolfram . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-13401-6 ( books.google.com ).

literature

• AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , pp. 832-836.