Blue-winged hummingbird

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Blue-winged hummingbird
Blue-winged hummingbird

Blue-winged hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Pterophanes
Type : Blue-winged hummingbird
Scientific name of the  genus
Pterophanes
Gould , 1849
Scientific name of the  species
Pterophanes cyanopterus
( Fraser , 1840)

The blue-winged hummingbird ( Pterophanes cyanopterus ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species occurs in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The blue-winged hummingbird reaches a body length of about 16.3 cm, with a straight beak about 3 cm. The male has a dark blue-green shimmer on the top and bottom, while the underside has a strong bluish tinge. The upper and lower wing-coverts and the inner flags of the wings are blue. The tail is strong forked and the outer tail feathers are greenish black. The females also shine green on the upper side, with the front skull being dark gray. The elytra are blue as in the male, with the hand wings showing less blue tint. The underside is cinnamon-colored to yellow-brown. The flanks and the under tail-coverts are covered with round green spots. The strongly forked tail is greenish black with greyish white edges.

Way of life

Mostly you can see him floating around with relatively slow bat-like wing beats. It draws its nectar from flowers of the lower and middle strata . He buzzes in front of the flowers, clings to them or sits on a branch in front of them. Mostly he is traveling alone and extremely territorial . He is often attracted by mixed groups consisting of highland tangars , hookbills and wood singers .

Breeding behavior

Melbourne Armstrong Carriker observed them brooding near the Puracé in February.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the blue-winged hummingbird

It is relatively common on stunted forest edges, bushy slopes, elven forests or páramo ecosystems. Occasionally it can also be seen on isolated trees and bushes of the Páramo. It moves at altitudes between 2600 and 3600 meters, but mostly over 3000 meters. Here it is distributed in the east in the Departamento de Norte de Santander west to Cúcuta , the central Andes from northern Tolima south to Bolivia.

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Pterophanes cyanopterus cyanopterus ( Fraser , 1840) - The nominate form occurs in the east of northern Colombia in the departments of Norte de Santander and Cundinamarca .
  • Pterophanes cyanopterus caeruleus Zimmer, JT , 1951 - This subspecies occurs in the central and western Andes of Colombia from the Departamento del Tolima and south to Nariño .
  • Pterophanes cyanopterus peruvianus Boucard , 1895 - This subspecies is widespread in the western Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and in the north-central Bolivia in the department of Cochabamba .

The species is monotypical .

Etymology and history of research

Louis Fraser described the blue-winged hummingbird under the name Trochilus cyanopterus . For the description he used a manuscript by George Loddiges . He did not provide any information about the location. It was John Gould who introduced the new genus Pterophanes with the first delivery of his hummingbird tablets in 1849 . "Pterophanes" is made up of the Greek words "pteron πτερον " for "wings" and "phanēs, phainō φανης, φαινω " for "shiny, to have". The specific epithet »cyanopterus« is a Greek word formation from »cyanos κυανος « for »dark blue« and »-pteros, pteron -πτερος, πτερον « for »-flügelelt, wing«. "Caeruleus" is the Latin word for "azure blue". "Peruvianus" refers to the country "Peru", the country in which Henry Whitely collected the type specimen.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08372-X ( books.google.de ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Louis Fraser: Mr. Fraser pointed out the character of several new species of Humming-birds, which have been placed in his hands by Earl of Derby for this purpose, and that they might be exhibited at one of the Society's scientific meetings. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 8 , no. 86 , 1840, pp. 14-19 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Genera of humming birds: being also a complete monograph of these birds . Pardy & Son, Bournemouth 1895, pp. 207-412 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 61, The genera Aglaeactis, Lafresnaya, Pterophanes, Boissonneaua, Heliangelus, Eriocnemis, Haplophaedia, Ocreatus, and Lesbia . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1540 , 1951, pp. 1–55 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 5.1 MB ]).
  • John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 3 , supply 1. Taylor and Francis, London 1849 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Blue-winged Hummingbird  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steven Leon Hilty et al. a., p. 281.
  2. ↑ a b c Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 282.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ a b Louis Fraser, p. 17.
  5. ↑ John Todd Zimmer, p. 19.
  6. ↑ a b Adolphe Boucard, p. 263.
  7. ^ John Gould, plate 178 plus text
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 127.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 83.

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse p. 54, Plate 178 appeared as part of Delivery 1 from 1849. Here Gould assigned Pterophanes temmincki , a synonym for the blue-winged hummingbird , to the genus.