Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird

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Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird
Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird ♂

Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Buffon hummingbirds ( Chalybura )
Type : Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird
Scientific name
Chalybura buffonii
( Lesson, RP , 1832)

The blue-tailed buffalo hummingbird ( Chalybura buffonii ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that includes Panama , Colombia , Venezuela, and Ecuador . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The blue-tailed Buffon hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10.5 to 12 cm with a weight of 6 to 7.3 g for males and 5.9 to 7.9 g for females. The beak and legs are black in both sexes.

Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird ♀
Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird ♂

The male is dark metallic green on the upper side, with the top of the head and neck having a slightly more bronze tint and the upper tail-coverts shimmering more copper-bronze. The underside is light metallic green and bluish in the upper area of ​​the chest. The lower part of the abdomen is white, the under tail-coverts are elongated, fluffy white. The tail is blue-black, the central control feathers a beautiful bronze color. The female is gray on the underside with a relatively large number of green spots on the sides and over the breast. The lateral control springs are mottled matt gray. Male juveniles have a much more dull green color on the underside. Both sexes have yellow-brown fringes on the top of the head.

Behavior and nutrition

Their nectar they get mainly of various flowering trees, the genera Inga , Calliandra , Trichanthera and coral trees and shrubs of the genus Aphelandra , Malvaviscus , hibiscus , Hamelia , Palicourea and herbs of the genus of heliconias . As a trapliner, they regularly fly to specific flowers in quick succession, but keep a territory . They are extremely aggressive and dominant on the flowers and displace other collections of hummingbirds from the flowering trees, especially in their crowns. The males act extremely territorial in nutrient-rich places. It happens that they pierce long corollas with their beak to get to the nectar behind them. It is not uncommon for them to catch mosquitoes by starting their hunt from their seats on branches or by preying on them during their long rounds. Most of the time they are out in the open or at the edge of the forest. Occasionally they peck at arthropods from leaves or cobwebs.

Vocalizations

Little is known about their singing. They make little chip noises when looking for food.

Reproduction

The breeding season is from C. b. micans in Central Panama in September. In the valley of the Río Magdalena, the nominate form breeds from March to July, occasionally even into August. The subspecies C. b. caeruleogaster is in breeding mood from June to November. In Aragua it could be that C. b. aeneicauda even breeds all year round, but the high season is from March to May. The goblet-like nest looks neat and consists of fallen plants and cobwebs. They decorate this with lichen and moss. A nest by C. b. caeruleogaster was discovered 2.5 meters above the ground in a guava tree in a garden near an adjacent forest. Another from C. b. buffonii in Tolima was built on a branch of a lemon tree ( Citrus limon ) at a height of 1.5 meters with a clutch of two eggs. One of the two eggs hatched on February 22nd and the young fledged after 21 days.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the blue-tailed buffalo hummingbird

The blue-tailed buffalo hummingbird lives in dry, moist and wet forests, on the edges of forests, on coffee plantations. semi-open terrain and secondary vegetation. In wetter areas where it lives sympathetically with the bronze-tailed buffalo hummingbird ( Chalybura urochrysia ( Gould , 1861)), it prefers open, bushy terrain instead of forest areas. Only the subspecies C. b. caeruleogaster and, more rarely, the nominate form can be found in the interior of moist forests. It moves at altitudes between sea level and 2000 meters.

Subspecies

There are five known subspecies:

  • Chalybura buffonii micans Bangs & Barbour , 1922 is distributed in central Panama to northwestern Colombia. The subspecies is slightly larger. The central control springs are colored darker blue. The females are lighter grayish on the underside.
  • Chalybura buffonii buffonii ( Lesson, RP , 1832) Occurs in central and northeastern Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.
  • Chalybura buffonii aeneicauda Lawrence , 1865 is widespread in northern Colombia, as well as northern central and western Venezuela. The males are more golden green on the underside. The central control springs shine bronze-green to copper-bronze. The females are pale gray on the underside with a few green spots.
  • Chalybura buffonii caeruleogaster ( Gould , 1847) is widespread in northern and central Colombia. The subspecies is the largest of all subspecies. The males are bluish green on the throat and belly, the breast is blue. The females are exclusively gray on the underside.
  • Chalybura buffonii intermedia Hartert, E & Hartert, C , 1894 occurs in southwest Ecuador. Due to the different color of the beak, it could be a separate species.

Etymology and history of research

René Primevère Lesson originally described the blue-tailed Buffon hummingbird under the name Trochilus Buffonii . He got the information about the type specimen from Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet (1807–1889). Lesson mistakenly assumed Brazil to be the collection point. In 1854 Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach introduced the new generic name Chalybura u. a. for the blue-tailed Buffon hummingbird. This name is a word formation from the Greek »chalyps, chalybos χαλυβος « for »steel« and »-ouros, oura -ουρος, ουρα « for »-tailed, tail«. The species name was given in honor of Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707–1788). Micans, micantis is of Latin origin and means "sparkling, glittering, glowing" and can be derived from "micare" for "shine, glitter, sparkle". Aeneicauda is derived from "aeneus" for "of bronze color" or "aes, aeris" for "bronze" and "cauda" for "tail". Caeruleogaster is composed of "caeruleus" for "dark blue" and "gaster, gasteris" for "belly". Intermedia is derived from the Latin word "intermedius" for "intermediary, in between".

literature

  • Frank Garfield Stiles III, Guy Maxwell Kirwan, Eduardo de Juana in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii). In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • René-Primevère Lesson: Les trochilidées ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches: suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus . Delivery 2. A. Bertrand, Paris 1832 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ernst Hartert, Claudia Bernadine Elisabeth Hartert: On a collection of Humming Birds from Ecuador and Mexico . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1894, p. 43-64 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae, with the characters of twe new Genera and descriptions of three new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 175 , 1847, pp. 94-96 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of new species of Birds of the families Paridae, Vireonidae, Tirannidae and Trochilidae, with notes on Myiarchus Panamensis . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 17 , 1865, pp. 37-39 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs, Thomas Barbour: Birds from Darien . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 65 , no. 6 , 1922, pp. 191-229 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach: Enumeration of the hummingbirds or trochilids in their true natural relationship, including the key to their systematics . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 2 : Extraheft , 1854, p. 1-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Baptiste Audebert, Louis Pierre Vieillot: Oiseaux Dorés ou à Reflets Métalliques. Histoire Naturelle et Générale des Grimpéraux et des Oiseaux de Paradis . tape 1 . Desray, Paris 1802 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs . tape 23 . Deterville, Paris 1818 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jules Bourcier: Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 99-104 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Blue-tailed Buffon Hummingbird ( Chalybura buffonii )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Frank Garfield Stiles III u. a.
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ Outram Bangs et al. a., p. 204.
  4. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson, p. 31 & plate 5.
  5. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 38.
  6. ^ John Gould, p. 96.
  7. ↑ Ernst Hartert u. a., p. 44.
  8. ↑ René Primevère Lesson, p. 32.
  9. ↑ Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, p. 10.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 99.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 253.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 33.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 83.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 206.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Also, Reichenbach the had Emerald Mango Hummingbird ( Anthracothorax viridis Audebert & Vieillot , 1801), the Weißkinn sapphire Kolibri ( Hylocharis cyanus (Vieillot, 1818)) and the green Kolibri ( Lepidopyga goudoti ( Bourcier assigned, 1843)) of the new genus.