Boleslav Jaworskyj

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Boleslaw Leopoldowytsch Jaworskyj ( Ukrainian Болеслав Леопольдович Яворський , Russian Болеслав Леопольдович Яворский / Boleslaw Leopoldovich Jaworski ; born June 10 . Jul / 22. June  1877 greg. In Kharkov , Kharkov Governorate , Russian Empire ; † 26. November 1942 in Saratov , Soviet Union ) was a Ukrainian musicologist , composer and university teacher .

Life

Jaworskyj graduated from the Kiev Music Institute in 1898 and then studied composition with SI Taneyev and fortepiano with NE Shishkin at the Moscow Conservatory, graduating in 1903.

Jaworskyj founded the theory of the Lad ( Modi ) rhythm in 1903 , which found its greatest expansion at the end of the 1920s (together with the theory of the Lad (Modi) tone guidance or Lad (Modi) focus ). The name Modi-Rhythm refers to the scale modes as the basis of ancient music and the rhythm as the basis of contemporary music. Jaworskyj's theory contains elements of rhetoric in the metaphorical sense with regard to the definition of music as musical speech and its intonation within the framework of the theory of the tritone focus. Central terms are diapason and meter . Much of Jaworskyj's scientific work has not been published and is in the archives of the All-Russian Central Glinka Museum of Music Culture in Moscow .

After the Russian Revolution in 1905 , together with Taneyev and others, he founded the People's Conservatory in 1906 as a counterpoint to the Moscow State Conservatory , which became part of the Community of People's Universities in 1907 and dissolved in 1916. He composed the ballet John Wilmore , but it was not performed. From 1916 to 1921 Jaworski was a lecturer at the Kiev Conservatory for fortepiano, composition theory and music perception .

In 1921 Jaworskyj was on the initiative of AW Lunatscharskis head of the music schools department of the main administration for vocational training in the People's Commissariat for Education . There he tried to reform the teaching in the Moscow Conservatory against the resistance of the conservatory professors AB Goldenweiser , MM Ippolitow-Iwanow and MW Iwanow-Borezki . At the same time, Jaworskyj taught music perception between 1921 and 1930 at the First State Music Technology Center, which he founded . He was repeatedly in Italy , Greece , Austria , France and Germany . On behalf of Lunacharsky, he negotiated with SS Prokofiev about his return to Russia. From 1921 to 1931 Jaworskyj was a member of the State Academy for Art Studies . From 1925 to 1930 he was a member of the Qualification Commission of the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Lives of Scientists of the Council of People's Commissars .

In 1930 Jaworskyj became a member of the Art Council of the Moscow Bolshoi Theater and composed the opera Tower of October . Between 1932 and 1941 he was editor-in-chief of the State Music Publishing House (Musgis) , where he published in particular The Well-Tempered Clavier by JS Bach . From 1938 to 1941 he worked at the Moscow Conservatory and, as an aspirant, held the lecture Factory ideology and style on the history of style . After the outbreak of the German-Soviet War , he was evacuated to Saratov with the conservatory professors.

Jaworskyj's students included Vernon Duke , Alexander Kerin , Sergei Protopopow , Arnold Alschwang , Nadeschda Brjusowa , Lew Kulakowski , Alexander Svezhnikov , Pawel Seniza , Viktor Zukkerman and Mykola Leontowytsch . Jaworskyj advised many Russian composers, such as DD Shostakovich , GW Swiridow and Orest Jewlachow . Jaworskyj's theoretical ideas were taken up by BW Assafjew and JW Nasaikinski and integrated into the harmony teachings of JN Tyulin , TS Berschadskaja and JN Cholopow .

literature

  • Nicolas Slonimsky : Yavorsky, Boleslav . In: Baker's Biographical dictionary of musicians (6th ed.). Schirmer Books, New York 1978, ISBN 0-02-870240-9 .
  • KG Derschinskaja: A name that I remember with gratitude . In: DD Schostakowitsch (Ed.): B. Jaworski, memories, essays and letters . Musyka, Moscow 1964, Volume 1, pp. 77-81 (Russian).
  • OA Bobrik: Jaworski . In: The Moscow Conservatory from the Beginning to Our Days. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary . Moscow 2007, pp. 640-642 (Russian).
  • MusOpen: Boleslav Yavorsky (accessed January 12, 2016).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gordon McQuere: The Theories of Boleslav Yavorsky . In: Russian Theoretical Thought in Music . Russian Music Studies. No. 10. UMI Research Press 1983. ISBN 0-8357-1457-8 .
  2. ↑ JN Cholopow : The symmetrical modes in the theoretical systems of Jaworski and Messiaen . In: Music and the present . Musyka, Moscow 1971, pp. 247-293 (Russian).
  3. ↑ A. Wehr Meyer: Boleslav Javorskijs theory of "lad" rhythm . Musiktheorie 5 (1990), pp. 75-83.
  4. ↑ JN Cholopow: The Lad theory BL Jaworskis . In: Music Theoretical Systems . Moscow 2006, pp. 375-394 (Russian).
  5. ↑ WA Zukkerman: On the teachings of Jaworski . Musykalnaja Akademija 1994 No. 1 (Russian).
  6. ↑ Laurel E. Fay: Shostakovich: A Life . Oxford University Press 1999, p. 27, ISBN 978-0195134384 .
  7. ^ GP Sakharov (ed.): The legacy of BL Jaworski: For the 120th birthday . Moscow 1997 (Russian).
personal data
SURNAME Jaworskyj, Boleslaw
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jaworski, Boleslaw Leopoldowitsch; Yavorski, Boleslav Leopoldovich; Javorskij, Boleslav Leopoldovich; Яворский, Болеслав Леопольдович (Russian); Jaworskyj, Boleslaw (Ukrainian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian-Russian musicologist, composer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Kharkov , Kharkov Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1942
Place of death Saratov , Soviet Union