Bovenden (noble family)

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The noble lords of Bovenden existed between the middle of the 12th to the end of the 16th century. They named themselves after the place Bovenden located 6 km north of Göttingen in the Leinetal , on the foothills of the Göttingen and Nörten forest , below the Plesse castle . The place was first mentioned in a document from King Otto the Great on February 2, 949. The place was called Bobbenzunon at that time , later Bobbantun (1141), Bobentun (1170), Bobentum (1191), finally Boventen , since the 16th Century Bovenden . The name of the noble family is accordingly rich in variety.

history

Members of the Lords of Bovenden are mentioned for the first time in 1170 in a document from the Helmarshausen monastery . Bodo von Bovenden (Bodo de Bobentun), as well as his sons Otto, Gunther and Bodo (jun.) Testify to the certificate, together with their close relatives, Dietrich and Bodo von Wicbike Adelebsen (noble family) , and Manegold de Rosthorp = Rosdorf (noble family) .

1189 Conradi de Bobeltun testified in a document to Bishop Adelog of Hildesheim . The nobleman Henricus de Insula (von Werder) , brother of the Hildesheim lawyer Hugo von Werder, sells his property near Schwalenberg to the Marienmünster Abbey . Provost Ludolf von Werder, Hugo, Lippold and Justacius von Werder, the lawyer Hugo von Werder, his son Lippold, and Lippold von Escherde testify to this deal.

In 1238 Gunther and Heinrich von Bovenden are witnesses to a court hearing by Duke Otto I (Braunschweig) near Hollenstedt. Her close relatives, Gunther von Hardenberg (noble family from Lower Saxony) , Hermann and Hermann junior are present. von Hardenberg and Conrad von Roden (Novalis).

When selling the Sundern forest and transferring his property in Ammenhusen, which his vassal, the knight Ernst von Waldenhusen resigned, the knight Gunterus de Bobente used the coat of arms of his grandchildren, the brothers Gunter and Bernhard von Hardenberg, in 1241. His sons, the monks Burkhard, Gunter, Hermann and Otto von Bovenden, as well as their relatives, the brothers von Hardenberg, cousin Gunter Calvus von Bovenden, Ludolf von Medenheim and Crachto von Angerstein, agree to the sale and donation to the Lamspringe monastery .

The common descent of the lords of Bovenden and the lords of Hardenberg from the noble lords of Rosdorf (noble family) shows the donation of the brothers Hermann, Bernhard and Dietrich von Hardenberg in Rüdershausen in 1251 to the Reinhausen monastery , which their common ancestors, the counts of Reinhausen, had , had founded. The donation requires the express consent of their blood relatives ("cognatorum nostrorum"), the nobleman Hermann von Rosdorf and the gentlemen Gunter and Heinrich von Bovenden.

In 1266, the common descent of the von Bovenden from the von Rosdorf was confirmed when the noble lords ("nobiles") Otto and Burkhard von Bovenden met with their cousins, the provost of the Minster Church of St. Alexandri (Einbeck) and his brother, the noble and Free lords ("dominus") to Hardegsen at his castle to donate a house from the property of their mutual forefathers to the new Lahde monastery in Lahde on the Weser . In Lahde the property of the von Bovenden family is associated with that of the dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, such as that of the noblemen of Minden, the lords of the mountains . The latter, in turn, owned the tithe in Rosdorf from a marriage with the Lords of Rosdorf , which was sold in 1304 by Hildebrand von Hardenberg to the Knights of the German Order . As Josef Wolf noted, the designation as nobilis was by no means an indication of admission to the high nobility, but this again proved that members of the lower nobility were also referred to this way from the 13th century.

The importance of the family clan of the noble lords of Rosdorf (to which the lords of Bovenden, von Hardenberg, von Freden, von Gittelde, von Falkenberg and von Escherde belonged) is shown in the document from 1276, when in the former castle of the Counts of Insula-Werder, in Werder, Counts Hermann, Heinrich, Ludolf, Konrad, Burkhard and Hermann von Wohldenberg promise the provost Konrad von Rosdorf, the noblemen Ludwig and Hermann von Rosdorf, as well as the nobleman Otto von Bovenden to resign half the tithe to Langenholtensen to the Archbishop of Mainz .

In 1297 Otto von Bovenden and his blood relative Dethard von Rosdorf acquired the tithe of Nörten-Hardenberg from Archbishop Gerhard II von Eppstein .

Since 1299 Gertrud von Bovenden (Gertrudis de Boventhen) was a canon in the Gernrode monastery . In 1317 she became the 16th abbess of the women's monastery founded by Margrave Gero . She ruled until 1324.

In 1319 Duke Otto von Braunschweig-Göttingen enfeoffed Heinrich von Bovenden with Olenhusen . This established a sideline for the von Bovenden men.

In 1333 Ludolf von Jüne Jühnde sold a third of the Jühnde Castle and a tenth to Albrecht von Bovenden . This established another sideline for the von Bovenden zu Jühnde men. In 1398, the castle and rule of Jühnde were transferred to this line as a fief.

Around 1400 the cleric Giselher von Bovenden (Giselerus de Boventen) appeared in the service of the Archbishop of Mainz. He gained fame through his participation in several international court and church arbitration proceedings, for example in Bologna , Pisa and Cologne in 1414, when he worked as a spiritual notary in the process between the Archbishop of Cologne, Friedrich III. von Saar Werden and Duke Adolf von Jülich-Berg accompanied and witnessed his end. Furthermore, Giselher von Bovenden participated in the organization and rules of procedure of the Council of Constance and the Council of Pisa . This made him one of the most important clergymen of his time in the empire, was a leading employee of the Archbishops of Mainz and was considered a brilliant scholar. With him, the von Bovenden family had passed their zenith .

Until it died out in 1589, the focus of rule shifted more and more away from the headquarters of Bovenden, where, in addition to rich Göttingen citizens, the Lords of Plessen followed the von Bovenden as the largest landowners. In the 16th century, the Lords of Bovenden increasingly connected with their close relatives, the Lords of Gittelde , who inherited them, but died out around 50 years later. The tombstone of Anna von Gittelde, b. von Bovede, who died on July 23, 1583, was preserved in the altar wall of St. Johannis in Gittelde. Until the Reformation was introduced in 1542 in the Duchy of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, the two churches of Gittelde were subordinate to different dioceses. While St. Johannis belonged to the Einbeck provost and thus to the Archdiocese of Mainz , the second church was subordinate to the Archdiocese of Magdeburg due to a donation from the 10th century . This dichotomy is reflected in the Gittelder coat of arms, where two keys represent the two churches.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the noble lords of Bovenden is identical to that of their ancestral family, the lords of Rosdorf . It consists of two keys standing vertically with their backs to each other, in the form of early medieval wooden keys. The family line of Bovenden carried this coat of arms, together with the Lords of Rosdorf and of Hardenberg, until their end in the second half of the 14th century.

The coat of arms (see example 1) of nobleman Otto von Bovenden corresponds to this family coat of arms. In the 14th century, two branches of the Lords of Bovenden were created, the line of Albrecht von Bovenden and the line of the Lords of Bovenden-Jühnde. They had a modified coat of arms, see example 2. Instead of the two keys, there is now either a standing lion or a tree on the left.

The altar of Anna von Bovenden and her husband, Hans von Gittelde, shows a beautiful, late example of the common family coat of arms. It can still be seen today on the side altar of the Church of St. Johannes in Gittelde. For a detailed description, see Bibliography.

  • Rosdorf old

  • From Bovenden

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Bernotat: The Lords of Boventen , Norddt. Family Studies 13, 1985.
  • Josef Dolle: Studies on the history of the lords of Boventen (= Plesse archive 29). Bovenden 1993.
  • Joachim Jünemann: The goods of the Lords of Boventen between Harz and Fulda in the 15th century , in: Göttinger Jahrbuch 10 (1962) 103-120.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thinking horizons and scope for action. Historical studies for Rudolf Vierhaus on his 70th birthday , Wallstein, 1992, p. 172.
  2. ↑ On the local history cf. Karl-Heinz Bernotat: The history of the patch Bovenden , Plesse Archive 15, 1980.
  3. ↑ Or.Perg. in the archives of the Archbishop's Vicariate General Paderborn No. 27 (A). This document already mentions Johann Wolf : The sex of the noble gentlemen von Rosdorf explained by documents , Göttingen 1812, p. 11 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ University Library of Westphalia II, No. 489
  5. ↑ StA Wolfenbüttel VII B Hs 108 fol. 12 (B)
  6. ↑ Or. Perg: HstA Hannover Hild. Or. 2 Lamspringe Monastery No. 24 (A). The Sundern forest is mentioned in the deed of foundation of the Reinhausen monastery, listed in 1111 in the confirmation by Archbishop Adelbert I of Mainz.
  7. ↑ hsta Hannover Cop. III, p 184. 174 (B)
  8. ^ Johann Wolf: The family of the noble gentlemen of Rosdorf explained by documents , Göttingen 1812, p. 40 f.
  9. ↑ StA Wolfenbüttel IV Hs 51 p 164 (B); with Johann Wolf: The family of the noble lords of Rosdorf explained by documents , Göttingen 1812, p. 29 f.
  10. ↑ Or.Perg. HstA Munich, Archbishopric Mainz Certificate No. 3516 (A)
  11. ↑ Kopialbuch Gutsarchiv Olenhausen, Dr. Joachim Götz von Olenhusen
  12. ↑ Or.Perg. StA Göttingen, No. 716 (A)
  13. ↑ HstA Hannover Celle Or. 8 No. 300 (A)
  14. ^ Friedrich Stuhr : The organization and rules of procedure of the Pisan and Constance Council , Diss., Bärensprung, Berlin 1891, p. 43.
  15. ↑ Georg Bode : Tombstone of Anna von Gittelde, born. by Boventen . In: Zeitschrift des Harz-Verein 21 (1888), p. 232 ( online ).