Werder (noble families of Lower Saxony)

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Werder or Latin insula is the name of several noble families from Lower Saxony or the extreme north of Hesse, which were often insufficiently differentiated in research.

Count of Gieselwerder

This sex was named after Gieselwerder on the Weser. In 1071 a Count Rether is mentioned as a party member of Duke Otto von Northeim . Whether he was already in the service of the Archbishop of Mainz, like his two successors, is open.

According to a forged certificate from Archbishop Ruthard of Mainz on the foundation of the Bursfelde monastery by Count Heinrich the Fetten von Northeim, it appears that Albert von Werder (Albertus de Insula) built a large part of the place where the monastery was built was sold to the Count. Albert's brother, Ludolf von Werder, canon in Magdeburg, had successfully challenged this sale, but now, according to the said forged document, transferred the disputed property to the monastery himself.

Between 1105 and 1129 Burchard de Insula appears in several documents. He was a wanderer between the worlds, because he documents both in Hildesheim documents as in Mainz. Since he, like Burchard I. von Loccum , who was living at the same time , was both in office in one part of the Ambergau, one could consider both persons to be identical if there were not a document in which both documents together. The two counts must have been related to each other, or at least by marriage.

Burchard von Insula is followed by another Rether von Insula, who acts as a witness in several important documents of the Archbishops of Mainz around 1150. His father was called Widold. Rether attests to the important document in 1144, when Archbishop Heinrich I of Mainz in Rosdorf, the ancestral seat of the Lords of Rosdorf , gave Heinrich II of Winzenburg the inheritance of the Counts of Northeim . Konrad von Geismar from the Rosdorf family is present as a witness.

Counts of Werder

The headquarters of this family were in Werder an der Nette (in Ambergau ) and Emne (near Gronau ). Your county rights were a fiefdom of the Reichsstift Gandersheim .

The von Werder family was related by marriage to the Counts of Wöltingerode , which led to the fact that the latter took over the management of the Ambergau from the von Werder family after this male line of Werder died out.

Teodericus de Insula appears at the same time as Rether von Gieselwerder, as Dietrich I von Werder-Emne, very likely the progenitor of this family. He was the son-in-law of Count Ludolf von Wöltingerode. Contrary to what the older research sometimes suspected, Dietrich von Werder-Emne was probably not a son of Burchard von Gieselwerder. Dietrich von Werder-Emne documents between 1147 and 1172.

Between 1173 and 1190 Count Dietrich's son, Dietrich II of Werder-Emne, appears in the documents. He was among the witnesses when the Wöltingerode monastery was founded in honor of his grandparents. The brothers Egilmar and Friedrich von Rothe test together with him, as the side branch of the Lords of Rosdorf, the Lords of Hardenberg, originally called themselves.

There are three sons of Dietrich II von Werder-Emne, named Dietrich (III), Ludger and Konrad. Count Dietrich III. von Werder-Emne documents between 1190 and 1220. He died without an heir, like his brother Ludger. Count Ludger von Werder-Emne co-owned the towns of Ammenhusen and Waldenhusen, together with Lippold von Escherde and Gunter von Bovenden from the von Rosdorf family. Count Ludger documents between 1217 and 1225. He died on July 10, 1226 or 1227 and his inheritance was divided among the relatives.

Konrad de Insula (Werder-Emne), the third son of Dietrich II, was a clergyman. First canon of Hildesheim, he was later provost of St. Mauritius , the monastery whose Vogt Lippold von Escherde and his descendants were. Lippold von Escherde was a brother-in-law of Konrad von Insulas. Heir to most of the inheritance of his father and his late brothers, he shared the inheritance with his two nephews, the Counts of Herzberg-Wohldenberg. Part of this common property was a quarter of the Pandelbachwald. The Counts of Werder shared ownership of this forest with the Lords of Freden, members of the Lords of Rosdorf family, and with the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg.

Before his death in 1255, Konrad de Insula and his nephew, Hermann von Wohldenberg, sold the family estate Emne to the diocese of Hildesheim . This ends the Count's line of Werder-Emne.

Lords of the Werder

Family coat of arms of those from Werder

Members of the ministerial family von dem Werder ( de insula ) or from the old market ( de antiquo foro or de veteri foro ) appeared repeatedly in the 12th and 13th centuries as governors of the city of Hildesheim or as governors of the episcopal monastery of St. Michael .

Werner Wittich assumed that this family was originally free and only entered the ministry of the Hildesheim monastery in the 12th century . Georg Bode vehemently contradicted Wittich's assumptions, later researchers followed Bode's argument in a milder form.

Liutoldus or Ludolf von dem Werder appears for the first time in 1132 in a document from Bishop Bernhard I of Hildesheim as Vogt of the city of Hildesheim. The second document in which Ludolf von dem Werder appears as Vogt of the city and his bishop is to be dated between 1132 and 1141. Both documents are related in terms of content. They are informative for the family connections between von Werder and the clan of the Lords of Rosdorf, as numerous witnesses can be assigned to the families related to one another: the founder Siegfried von Mehle belongs to the environment of the Lords of Escherde, Bodo von Wichbike (= Adelebsen) is related by marriage to that of Bovenden , of Hardenberg, of Rosdorf; Ernst von Rössing (de Rothigge) is related by marriage to von Escherde and von Rosdorf, Lippold von dem Werder is a brother of the bailiff. In addition to Lippold von dem Werder, Ludolf von dem Werder had another brother, Hugo von dem Werder, who often also documents together with his brothers.

In addition to the headquarters located on the Innerste (where the Hildesheim Charterhouse was moved to in 1660 ), the family owned an estate in Heisede . The nearby Sarstedt belonged to the Lords of Escherde. In addition, the Werder owned in Escherde together with the von Escherde.

In 1147 Ludolf and Lippold von dem Werder testify to a donation from Bishop Bernhard von Hildesheim zu Ildehausen . This place had already been mentioned in 965 on the occasion of a transfer of ownership from Emperor Otto I to Count Billing. In 1309 Friedrich von Rosdorf and Hildebrandt von Hardenberg sold the place.

When Bishop Bernhard Hermann II von Winzenburg enfeoffed his ancestral castle again in 1150 , this is testified by Count Ludolf von Wöltingerode, Count Dietrich von Werder-Emne, and the brothers Ludolf, Lippold and Hugo von dem Werder. 75 years later, parts of the castle and its external works are owned by the Lords of Escherde and von Freden . This raises the very interesting question of how parts of the Winzenburg legacy ended up with members of the von Rosdorf family under inheritance law. The references between the documents from 1144 (in Rosdorf), 1150 (Winzenburg), 1151 ( Schöneberg ) are in any case noticeable.

A relative of the three brothers was Heinrich von dem Werder, who documents between 1175 and 1209. When Heinrich sells his estate Brockhausen (near Schwalenberg) to the Marienmünster Abbey , Hugo von dem Werder, his son Lippold, from the clan of the Lords of Rosdorf, Lippold von Escherde, Konrad von Bovenden , Friedrich von Rothe also agree to the sale , like Counts Burchard and Ludolf von Woldenberg and Hermann von Lüchow. Interestingly, the Rosdorfers stand in front of the three counts in the row of witnesses, which suggests that they belonged to the nobiles in unison.

When Bishop Konrad von Hildesheim took protection of the Escherde Monastery founded by Lippold von Escherde in 1236 , this was testified by the relatives Dietrich and Lippold von Escherde, Basilius and Lippold von Escherde, Heinrich von Schalksberg and Ernst von, along with Hugo von dem Werder (from the generation of grandchildren) Rothe.

The Hildesheim canon Ludold von dem Werder was provost of the Kreuzstift from 1181 to 1218 , from 1212 also provost of St. Mauritius , his brother Lippold was Vogt of St. Michael.

Enno Bünz suspected that the long-distance trader Hugo von Hildesheim , who was married to a daughter of the Holsteinian Overboden Marcrad II is to be assigned.

Werder Castle, into which "peace breakers had withdrawn", was besieged and destroyed in 1240 by Bishop Konrad.

The brothers Lippold and Wulver von dem Werder sealed in 1290 with two different coats of arms, Lippold with a saddled horse, Wulver with a roughened shield.

Otto von dem Werder was enfeoffed with the Bisperode estate by Duke Heinrich the Elder in 1491 . At the beginning of the 16th century, other members of the family association owned the Ummendorf Castle as a pledge .

At the beginning of the 16th century, Heino von dem Werder († 1535) was provost of the Cyriacus monastery in Braunschweig and provost of the Ebstorf monastery . His relative Katharina von dem Werder died in 1583 as the dominatrix of Ebstorf Monastery.

Hartwig von dem Werder († 1567) acquired Gröbzig shortly before his death, as well as the Sorge Vorwerk and the Gerbißdorf desert, which were combined to form Werdershausen . One of his grandchildren was the translator and poet Diederich von dem Werder († 1657). After Jobst von dem Werders, the last male representative of the Bisperoder family branch, died in 1665, the members of the Werdershausen line tried in vain to get hold of his property.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of those from Werder in the Siebmacher from 1605
  • The family coat of arms shows a striding red-bridled silver horse in blue . On the helmet with blue-silver covers, the horse in front of a silver shaft, which is of course tipped with a peacock feather.
  • The increased coat of arms of the sex is quartered, fields 1 and 4 show a striding red-bridled silver horse in blue, fields 2 and 3 in blue a silver grid. On the helmet with blue-silver blankets, the horse in front of a blue shaft, which is tipped with a natural peacock feather.

Aristocratic correspondence in southern Hanover

The Werder in southern Hanover go back to Heinrich von dem Werder, to whom Duke Erich von Braunschweig awarded the basic hooves in Bollhausen and two hooves in Eschershausen on November 18, 1522 . The family received royal Prussian nobility recognition as von Werder through a rescript of the Prussian heraldry .

The family has a family union under the name v. Werder e. V., branch south Hanover. It was founded in 1936 in Göttingen .

See also

literature

  • The Counts of (Giesel-) Werder on the Weser and The Counts of Werder near Hildesheim In: Detlev Schwennicke (Hrsg.): European family tables . New series: Volume XVII: Hesse and the tribal duchy of Saxony. 1998, ISBN 978-3-465-02983-0 .
  • Wolfgang Petke : The counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, kingship and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries (= publications by the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen. Volume 4). Hildesheim 1971.
  • Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck : The knightly Livonia riders of the 13th century (= Marburg East Research. Volume 12). Würzburg 1960, p. 27 f. and pp. 52-55.
  • Georg Bode : The ancient nobility in Ostfalen (= research on the history of Lower Saxony. 3.2 / 3). Hanover 1911, p. 233 f.
  • Georg Bode: Draft of a family table for the Counts of Wöltingerode, Woldenberg, Woldenbruch, Harzburg, Werder and Woldenstein, as well as the Counts of Werder and Emne of the older tribe In: Journal of the Harz Association for History and Antiquity. 23, 1890, pp. 1–98, here particularly pp. 86–98 ( zs.thulb.uni-jena.de ).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ^ Translation by Werder
  2. ↑ Oswald Holder-Egger (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum separatim editi 38: Lamperti monachi Hersfeldensis Opera. Appendix: Annales Weissenburgenses. Hanover 1894, p. 120 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized ), Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries . Hildesheim 1971, p. 291, note 47.
  3. ↑ Gustav Luntowski: The Bursfeld forgery of documents of the 12th century . In: Archiv für Diplomatik 5-6 (1960), pp. 154-181, doi: 10.7788 / afd.1960.56.jg.154 , cf. Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 291, note 47.
  4. ^ A b Wolfgang Petke: The counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 291, note 47.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Heinemann : The Diocese of Hildesheim in the interplay of forces of imperial and territorial policy, primarily of the 12th century . Hildesheim 1968 ( sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony 72), p. 321.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries . Hildesheim 1971, p. 288, note 35.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 297, p. 288, note 35, p. 129.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 62.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, pp. 290-291.
  10. ^ Karl Janicke (Ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops. First part. Until 1221. Leipzig 1896, No. 368, here p. 353 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 46 (date of death), p. 378 f.
  12. ↑ Wolfgang Petke: The Counts of Wöltingerode-Wohldenberg. Aristocratic rule, royalty and sovereignty in the northwest Harz in the 12th and 13th centuries. Hildesheim 1971, p. 377.
  13. ^ Klaus Naß: Medieval sources on the history of Hildesheim (= sources and documentation on the city history of Hildesheim 16). Hildesheim 2006, ISBN 3-8067-8518-X , p. 79 = Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 7: Chronica et gesta aevi Salici. Hannover 1846, p. 862 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized ).
  14. ↑ Werner Wittich: Freedom of the old and servitude of the primeval nobility in Lower Saxony. In: Quarterly for social and economic history . IV, 1906, pp. 1–127, here p. 97, family from Altenmarkt or from Werder (de Insula). ( Text archive - Internet Archive , digi-journals ).
  15. ↑ Georg Bode: The Uradel in Ostfalen (= research on the history of Lower Saxony. 3.2 / 3). Hanover 1911 p. 233 f .; Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck: The knightly Livonia riders of the 13th century (= Marburg East Research. Volume 12). Würzburg 1960 p. 53; Wolfgang Heinemann: The Diocese of Hildesheim in the interplay of forces in imperial and territorial policy, primarily of the 12th century (= sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony. 72). Hildesheim 1968 p. 79.
  16. ^ Karl Janicke (Ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops. First part. Until 1221. Leipzig 1896, No. 200, here p. 184 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  17. ^ Karl Janicke (Ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops . First part. Until 1221. Leipzig 1896, No. 201, here p. 185 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  18. ↑ Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 7: Chronica et gesta aevi Salici. Hannover 1846, p. 861 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ), note 59.
  19. ↑ Werner Wittich: Freedom of the old and servitude of the primeval nobility in Lower Saxony. In: Quarterly for social and economic history . IV, 1906, pp. 1–127, here p. 97, family from Altenmarkt or from Werder (de Insula). ( Text archive - Internet Archive , digi-journals ); Georg Bode: The ancient nobility in Ostfalen (= research on the history of Lower Saxony. 3.2 / 3). Hanover 1911 p. 233.
  20. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg (ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops . Second part. 1221-1260. Hanover and Leipzig 1901, pp. 225-227 No. 469 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  21. ↑ Rudolf Meier: The cathedral chapters of Goslar and Halberstadt in their personal composition in the Middle Ages (with contributions on the status of the Hildesheim canons, which can be proven up to 1200) (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History 5; studies on Germania Sacra 1) . Göttingen 1967 p. 392 f. ( persondatenbank.germania-sacra.de ).
  22. ^ Enno Bünz: Hugo von Hildesheim. An early Hanseatic long-distance trader in the Baltic region and the Holstein nobility around 1200. In: Hansische Geschichtsblätter . 113, 1995, pp. 7-25, here pp. 18-19.
  23. ^ Klaus Naß: Medieval sources on the history of Hildesheim (= sources and documentation on the city history of Hildesheim 16). Hildesheim 2006, ISBN 3-8067-8518-X , p. 77 (incorrectly identifies the castle with that at Bockenem); Hermann Hoogeweg (Hrsg.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops. Second part. 1221-1260. Hanover and Leipzig 1901, p. 283 No. 572 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ); Wolfgang Petke: Reichstruchseß Gunzelin († 1255) and the ministerials of Wolfenbüttel-Asseburg. In: Ulrich Schwarz (ed.): On the way to the ducal residence. Wolfenbüttel in the Middle Ages (= sources and research on Brunswick history 40). Braunschweig 2003, ISBN 3-930292-86-6 , pp. 47–106, here p. 96, note 312; Nathalie Kruppa, Jürgen Wilke: The diocese of Hildesheim 4. The Hildesheim bishops from 1221 to 1398 ( Germania sacra. New series 46). Berlin [u. a.] 2006, ISBN 3-11-019108-3 , pp. 109 and 115 ( personendatenbank.germania-sacra.de ).
  24. ^ Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck: The knightly Livonia riders of the 13th century. A genealogical investigation (= Marburger Ostforschungen Volume 12). Würzburg 1960 p. 53 and 55, with reference to Hermann Hoogeweg (ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Hildesheim and its bishops. Third part. 1260-1310. Hanover and Leipzig 1903, p. 457 No. 887 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ) and p. 445 No. 861 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  25. ^ Karl Steinacker : The architectural and art monuments of the Duchy of Braunschweig. 4. The architectural and art monuments of the Holzminden district . Wolfenbüttel 1907, p. 229 ( daten.digitale-sammlungen.de ). The older literature has 1481, so z. B. Johann Christoph Bekmann : History of the Principality of Anhalt […]. Part 5/7. Zerbst 1710, p. 286 . The feudal file in the Lower Saxony State Archives (Wolfenbüttel location) , inventory 27 old no. 1177, inventory 27 old no. 1177 begins in 1488.
  26. ^ Johann Christoph Bekmann: History of the Principality of Anhalt [...]. Part 5/7. Zerbst 1710, p. 286 ; George Adalbert Mülverstedt (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Alvenslebianus. Collection of documents on the history of the Alvensleben family and their possessions . Third volume. Magdeburg 1885, pp. 68-70.
  27. ↑ Rudolf Meier: The provosts of the Braunschweiger collegiate monasteries St. Blasius and St. Cyriacus in the Middle Ages. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch 52 (1971), pp. 19-61, here pp. 57 f. ( digisrv-1.biblio.etc.tu-bs.de ).
  28. ↑ Balthasar Dammann: Funeral Sermon on Magdalena von dem Werder. Uelzen 1584 ( diglib.hab.de ); Epitaph: Sabine Wehking: The inscriptions of the Lüneburg monasteries. Ebstorf, Isenhagen, Lüne, Medingen, Walsrode, Wienhausen. Wiesbaden 2009, No. 157 ( inschriften.net ).
  29. ^ Johann Christoph Bekmann: History of the Principality of Anhalt [...]. Part 5/7. Zerbst 1710, pp. 286-289 .
  30. ↑ Rudolf Rust Bach: Haeger Haeger and courts in the Brunswick Weser landing. In: Journal of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony. 1903, pp. 557-645, here pp. 621 f. ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ); Acting-moderate Facti Species in terms of their Frey-Lords von dem Werder, Im Hertzogthumb Anhalt, Contrà Stifft-Hildesheimische Lehen-Cammer and Consorten Frey-Lord Wolff Metternich Zu Gracht . [1720?] Digitized State Library Berlin , digitized University and State Library Düsseldorf .