Bovillae

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Bovillae's plan

Bovillae ( ancient Greek Βοΐλλαι Boḯllai ) was an ancient city 11 miles or 18 kilometers southeast of Rome in Lazio . The ruins of the city are located in the municipality of the modern city of Marino in the Fraction of Frattocchie. According to ancient folk etymology , the name of the city was derived from a runaway bull ( Latin bos, bovis ) or its entrails.

history

Bovillae was considered a colony founded by Alba Longa . Dionysius of Halicarnassus ranks it among the thirty cities of the Latin Confederation and, according to Cicero , the Bovillani took part in the federal festivals, the feriae Latinae , for Jupiter Latiaris on the mons Albanus .

In Republican times , Bovillae was considered the place where the sanctuaries from what is said to be 665 BC. Alba Longa, destroyed by Tullus Hostilius in the 4th century BC . This included in particular the sacrarium of gens Iulia , from which Gaius Iulius Caesar and Emperor Augustus descended, from which an altarpiece from Bovillae has been preserved. Tiberius , Augustus' adoptive son, had it restored in AD 16. The college of priests for the deified Augustus, the sodales Augustales , had its office in the city. Aware of their connection to Alba Longa, the inhabitants of the city called themselves Albani Longani Bovillenses several times in inscriptions .

The legends of the early days of Rome let Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus the city in the year 489 BC. Storm and triumph over Bovillae .

According to the liber coloniarum , under Sulla's law, the city was walled and veterans were resettled. In 52 BC Bovillae found The pugna Bovillana , the fight between the followers of Titus Annius Milo and those of Publius Clodius Pulcher , took place in which Clodius was killed. In the Roman Empire , the city was Municipium and one of the popular suburbs in the area around Rome with a distinctive villa landscape .

The city could be reached via the Via Appia , which began in 293 BC. Until Bovillae was developed as a paved road. On the Via Appia, the Tabula Peutingeriana also lists the place called Bobellas , while the Itinerarium Antonini does not mention it.

Discovery story

The history of discovery of the city, the ruins of which have been preserved through the centuries, began as early as the 16th century. Onofrio Panvinio had described the remains of the circus of Bovillae inter Appiam, & Ardeatinam uias without having identified the associated location. The inscriptions of the Albani Longani Bovillenses were first published in the 16th and 17th centuries. Lukas Holste was the first to recognize the ancient Bovillae in the ruins of Li Fratocchi .

The systematic research began in particular with Giuseppe Tambroni (1773-1824), who examined the area owned by the Colonna in the early 1820s at the invitation of Vincenzo Colonna (1787-1867) . Between 1849 and 1853, Luigi Canina led on behalf of Pope Pius IX. carried out extensive investigations on the Via Appia, including the ruins of Bovillae. Most of the city's ruins were destroyed during the 19th century. At the end of the century, Giuseppe Tomassetti (1848–1911) attempted to review all of the inscription material, the remains and documentation that were still accessible.

literature

  • Alexandru Doboşi: Bovillae. Storia e topografia. In: Ephemeris Dacoromana. Volume 6, 1935, pp. 240-367
  • Christian Hülsen : Bovillae . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume III, 1, Stuttgart 1897, Col. 798 f.
  • John H. Humphrey : Roman Circuses. Arenas for Chariot Racing. University of California Press, Berkeley / Batsford, London 1986, pp. 561-567.
  • Andrea Pancotti: La scoperta e la distruzione dei resti monumentali di Bovillae. In: Massimiliano Valenti (ed.): Colli Albani. Protagonisti e luoghi della ricerca archeologica nell'Ottocento. Cavour, Frascati 2011, pp. 178-184 ( digitized version ).
  • Giovanni Maria De Rossi: Bovillae (= Forma Italiae . Regio I, Volume 15). Olschki, Florence 1979, especially pp. 298-323.
  • Frank Sear: Roman Theaters. An Architectural Study. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2006, p. 121.
  • Giovanni Uggeri: Bovillae. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X , Sp. 759.

Web links

Commons : Bovillae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Scholion to Persius 6.55.
  2. ↑ Nonius Marcellus 122 M, whose handwritten tradition offers the confusing spelling Bohillae for the city name.
  3. ^ Diodor fragments 1.17; Origo gentis Romanae 17.
  4. ↑ Dionysius 5:61.
  5. ^ Cicero, Pro Cn. Plancio 23.
  6. ^ Asconius Pedianus , Commentary on Cicero, Pro Milone 17.
  7. ↑ CIL 14, 02387 : Vediovei patrei / genteiles Iuliei // Vedi [ov] ei aara // Leege Albana dicata.
  8. ^ Tacitus , Annals 2,41.
  9. ↑ CIL 14, 02405 , 2406 , 2409 , 2411 .
  10. ↑ Dionysius 7.20; Plutarch , Coriolan 20.
  11. ↑ Florus 1, 5, 6.
  12. ↑ Liber coloniarum 1,231: Bobillae, oppidum. put Sullana est circum ducta. iter populo non debetur. agrum eius ex occupatione milites veterani tenuerunt in variety.
  13. ↑ Appian , bellum civile 2.21; Cicero, 17 per milon ; epistulae ad Atticum 5,13,1; Livy , Epitome 107; Velleius 2.47.
  14. ↑ Properz 4,1,33; Ovid , Fasti 3,667.
  15. ^ Jochen Werner Mayer: Imus ad villam: Studies on Villeggiatur in the urban Roman suburbium in the late republic and early imperial times. Steiner, Stuttgart 2005, pp. 88-96
  16. ↑ Livy 10.47.4.
  17. ↑ Onofrio Panvinio: De ludis circensibus. Volume 1. Venice 1600, p. 56 Chapter XXVI.
  18. ↑ Andrea Pancotti: La scoperta e la distruzione dei resti di monumentali Bovillae. In: Massimiliano Valenti (ed.): Colli Albani. Protagonisti e luoghi della ricerca archeologica nell'Ottocento. Cavour, Frascati 2011, pp. 178-184, here p. 178.
  19. ^ Lukas Holste: Annotationes in geographiam sacram Caroli à S. Pavlo; Italiam antiqvam Clvverii; et thesavrvm geographicvm Ortelii: quibus accedit Dissertatio duplex de Sacramento Confirmationis apud Graecos. Dragondelli, Rome 1666, p. 184 of Annotationes in Italiam antiqvam Clvverii ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Giuseppe Tambroni: Intorno alcuni edificii ora riconosciuti dell'antica città di Boville. Lettera al ch. Signor Pietro De Lama direttore dell'Imperiale e Regio Museo d'antichità in Parma. Salviucci, Rome 1823.
  21. ↑ On Bovillae see Luigi Canina: La prima parte della Via Appia dalla Porta Capena a Boville. Volume 1. Bertinelli, Rome 1853, pp. 200-216 plate XLVIII ( digitized version ).
  22. ^ Giuseppe Tomassetti: I monumenti e la topografia dell'antica Bovillae. In: Dissertazioni della Pontificia Accademia romana di archeologia. Volume 21, 1900, pp. 279-309.

Coordinates: 41 ° 46 '  N , 12 ° 37'  E