Brack

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Big brackish at Borstel
Wehle in Friedrichsgabekoog in the Dithmarschen district
Kolk and drainage ditch Schoonorther Polderschloot in the northern Krummhörn along an old dike line
Scour from a dike breach in the Norderalten dike near Minsen

Brack (from Low German : Brack ), also Brake (historically Braacke ) or Bracke , is the name for a deep scouring caused by a dike breach as a result of a storm surge . In some regions such a lake or pond is also known as a Kolk , Wehle or Wehl .

Emergence

The water that broke in when a dike broke had washed deep and large holes that were not filled in earlier times due to the high expenditure. Bracks are often circular. Bracks can be several meters deep due to the scouring during formation. As a result, the new dike has to be run as a storage dike (on the sea side) or as a storage dike (on the land side) on the bracket. This particular dike layout is sometimes called the crescent moon .

Even if the dike is flooded under or overflowed, so much soil can be removed by the forces of water that scouring occurs.

Since the water of Bracks, which originated on the North Sea or in the mouth of the tidal rivers , is salty, but is sweetened by rain and groundwater, the name brackish water was coined for it, which is also common in other languages as a loan word (English: brackish water ) .

Occurrence

Bracks are not only found by the sea, but also in the upper tidal areas of tidal rivers. The Elbe is an example of this : in the Francop and Neuenfelde area of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg alone, there are still three Bracks. There are also Bracks in the further course of the Elbe, for example near Borstel , Wilhelmsburg , Moorfleet and quite a few in the Vierlanden . In the Vierlanden, the three largest bracks should be mentioned: the Carlsbrack, the Borghorster Brack and the Kiebitzbrack . In a list from 1804, 29 Bracks (here: Braken) alone are counted between Bleckede and Wehningen.

One of the largest brackets was the Black Brack between Ellens , Sande and Neustadtgödens west of today's Jadebusen .

literature

Web links

Commons : Kolk lakes  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Brack  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Herders Conversations-Lexikon , Freiburg im Breisgau 1854, Volume 1, p. 638; Transcript at zeno.org
  2. ^ A b Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt , Ortwin Pelc: Schleswig-Holstein Lexicon . Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006, Lemma Brake.
  3. Hansjörg Küster: History of the landscape in Central Europe: from the Ice Age to the present . Beck, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-406-64438-2 . (Küster uses the term Kolk in this context.)
  4. The Carlsbrack on www.hamburg.de ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  5. The Borghorster Brack on www.hamburg.de ( Memento of the original from May 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  6. The Kiebitzbrack on www.hamburg.de ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  7. Map of the Kiebitzbrack nature reserve (PDF; 182 kB)
  8. The Kiebitzbrack nature reserve
  9. The dike and electricity construction law according to general positive and Hanoverian state law explained. Second and last part. Hannover 1816, pp. 200-208