Black brack

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Jade Bay around 1600
with the Black Brackish

The Black Brack is the name of a former bay on the west side of the Jade Bay . It was created by the Second Marcellus Flood of 1362 and reached its greatest extent with three other storm surges at the beginning of the 16th century. The bay was given the name Schwarzes Brack because of the raised bogs at this point , which colored the brackish water black after the storm surges .

history

The beginning of the bay formation is traced back to the Second Marcellus Flood on January 16, 1362. With the second Cosmas and Damian floods on September 26, 1509, the existing dikes were damaged in many places. The regional chief Edo Wiemken the Younger made sure that the dikes were repaired at short notice, but on September 9, 1510, another storm surge destroyed the dykes that had just been repaired. Four months later, the devastating Antoni flood of January 17, 1511 hit the heavily damaged dikes again. The parishes of Seediek , Ahm and Oldebrugge had to be given up. Large parts of the population died in the floods or from the grievances after the flood. 1514 died with Edo Wiemken the Elder. J. the then leader of the Jever rule . After his death, the construction of the dyke was neglected and the bay remained in its shape.

Only with the reign of Maria von Jever were dikes made again. In 1525 a dike was built between Sande and the Gödenser Siel on the north side of the bay . In 1544, the dike was continued in the direction of Horsten , which regained parts of the bay for the first time. From 1576 to 1578 the connecting dike from Horsten in the direction of Driefel and on to Jeringhave was completed , so that the Black Brack was enclosed by a contiguous dike for the first time. The Gödenser Siel , the Friedeburger Siel , the Horster Siel , the Zeteler Siel and the Steinhauser Siel provided for the drainage of the lows behind the dykes .

1544 took place on Godenser Siel the establishment of Neustadtgödens that the county Ostfriesland belonged. Neustadtgödens soon developed into an important trading center with a prosperous port and good trade connections. Many of its residents made a living from trade and shipping. Further north the area joined the Jever rule. The southern stretch of land on the Schwarzen Brack belonged to the county of Oldenburg .

With the death of Maria von Jever in 1575, the rule of Jever fell to the County of Oldenburg. The black brack , however, separated both parts of the country from each other. A connection was only possible via East Frisian area, which claimed road tolls for it. Therefore, Count Johann VII. Von Oldenburg, who became known as the dike builder, planned to dike the entire bay against the will of the East Frisian Sielorte. In 1593 a first partial step was made, in which a dike leading north from the southern dike line was built to the island of Ellens . In 1595, the two Oberahmer Islands on the north side were again connected to the mainland. Another dike was built between 1596 and 1597, which led from Jeringhave over the island of Hiddels to the island of Ellens and thus drained the part of the bay south of the island of Ellens.

In 1597, East Frisia objected to the dike measures and in 1599 sued the Oldenburgers before the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer . The documents and maps submitted during the court proceedings are valuable documents today and describe the existing locations in great detail. The East Frisians justified their lawsuit with the loss of trade, shipping and fishing. The Oldenburgers referred to the reclamation of the ancient Oldenburg and Jever mainland. The legal dispute dragged on, which is why the Oldenburg family was initially forced to stop construction work in 1604. It was only possible to continue building in 1612 after the ruling Count Anton Günther assured that he would remove the dyke again if the complaint was dismissed. Ultimately, the legal dispute ended with a settlement long years after the dike was closed.

On July 31, 1615, the Vogt von Zwischenahn Arend Stindt succeeded in insulating the Black Brack with the closure of the Ellenser Dam , which connected the former islands of Ellens and Ahm. With the closure, around 1,600 hectares of land were reclaimed. Further land reclamation measures up to the middle of the 19th century made the black brackish land again.

In the Reich War Haven Act of 1883 it was stipulated that measures that impaired the current in the Jade fairway required the approval of the Navy . This was to ensure that the amount of water flowing in and out of the Jade Bay with the tides was sufficient to prevent the Jade fairway from silting up. In practice, this led to the end of all land reclamation measures in the Jade Bay and to the protection of its current form.

literature

  • Werner Brune (Ed.): Wilhelmshavener Heimatlexikon , Volume 1–3. Brune, Wilhelmshaven 1986–1987.
  • Hans Egidius: The Black Brack: A region asserts itself against the forces of nature. CCV Concept Center Verlag 2000, ISBN 3-934606-00-8

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Werner Brune (Ed.): Wilhelmshavener Heimatlexikon , Volume 1–3. Brune, Wilhelmshaven 1986-1987, Volume 3, page 94ff.