Brauhausberg
| Brauhausberg | ||
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 View of the Brauhausberg with the building of the war school in 2006 |
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| height | 88 m | |
| location | in the south of the city of Potsdam | |
| Mountains | Saarmunder terminal moraine arch | |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 23 '10 " N , 13 ° 3' 42" E | |
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The Brauhausberg is an 88 meter high elevation in the Teltower suburb of Potsdam . It is upstream of the Ravensberg and forms the northern end of the Saarmunder terminal moraine arc . Its name is based on a brewery that opened on it in the early 18th century . The southern neighbor is the Telegrafenberg , which was called Hinterer Brauhausberg until 1832 . The Brauhausberg is an ancient natural landmark in the glacial valley long before the Havel existed.
The buildings on the Brauhausberg, which can be seen from afar, with the former military school, are particularly striking . During the GDR era, the nickname “ Kremlin ” became established for this complex.
history
16th century to the beginning of the 18th century
The slopes of the mountain were first mentioned in 1515 when an electoral vineyard was established there, surrounded by a spacious zoo . Wine was still grown and pressed here until around 1700.
When campaigns of conquest took place in Europe, Swedish soldiers under King Gustav II Adolf pitched a field camp on the mountain in 1631 .
The cartographer Samuel Suchodolec measured the area of the Teltower suburb including the hills in 1683 and presented it for the first time on a map.
The Potsdam Rifle Guild set up a shooting range on the eastern slope of the mountain in 1703 and had the rifle jug built on the spot .
From 1716 until the end of the 19th century
After the end of wine cultivation, the royal brewery ("Königsbrauerei") was created in 1716 from an earlier grain store on today's Leipziger Strasse . Now the survey was given its current name Brauhausberg. The king had a country road laid there for transport to and from the building, which was expanded into a road in 1804 .
On the mountainside in 1752 twenty houses were provided as accommodation for visitors attending Maurer - and carpenter join served. The journeymen had to build and expand the buildings themselves. They formed the core of the later settlement around today's Max-Planck-Strasse.
On the Brauhausberg, the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. In 1804, build an observation tower in neo-Gothic style for Queen Luise , the Belvedere on the Brauhausberg . The building plans came from the builder Andreas Ludwig Krüger .
During the time of Napoléon's conquest campaigns through Europe, citizens and landsturmmen built the center of a ski jumping facility on the Brauhausberg , which included parts of the Teltower suburb. Fights from this area are not recorded.
A good century after the Königsbrauerei, the master brewers Adelung and Hoffmann had their own brewery built nearby, and from 1829 onwards they produced the Potsdamer Stange beer . The Hoffmann family also acquired the Kolonistenhaus number 2 in what was then Schützenstrasse and had it converted into an excursion restaurant. It was opened under the name Wackermannshöhe in 1851 and visitors were given freshly tapped beer from the bar. Now more and more residential buildings were built on the Brauhausberg, and a pavilion in the style of an ancient temple was inaugurated in 1873.
20th century to 1990
The new war school (later Reichsarchiv , SED district administration and state parliament ) was built around the Belvedere from 1899 to 1902 according to plans by Franz Schwechten .
Soon it became necessary to create a bypass road for the now extensive settlement of the area around the Brauhausberg, which began in 1927. In addition, a tram line was laid to the center of Potsdam (1930). Another new housing estate was built around Schützenplatz by 1935 and a 700-seat cinema based on a design by Heinrich Laurenz Dietz ( Bergtheater , 1940) began operations.
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At the end of the Second World War , large parts of the building on the Brauhausberg fell victim to bombing attacks, and the Reichsarchiv lost more than half of its holdings. As early as 1946, the new city administration, in coordination with the Soviet occupying power, decided to build a memorial for the victims of fascism on this mountain, for which the foundation stone was laid on October 27, 1946. However, it was never completed.
Extensive clearing of rubble began around 1950, followed by a provisional restoration of the damaged parts of the school complex. It became the central administration of the SED district leadership in Potsdam and remained so until the fall of the Berlin Wall . Large parts of the mountain remained fallow and in the 1960s duds and other relics from the war were searched for.
In 1968, a system for crushing the ruins of the Potsdam Garrison Church began operations on a larger square on the Brauhausberg .
A swimming pool was built for the residents of the district from 1969 to 1971 on the northern slope of the brewery . In November 1977 the terrace restaurant Minsk opened (based on designs by the Potsdam architects Karl-Heinz Birkholz and Wolfgang Müller) with water features in front of it, the property of which is to be sold to an investor for subsequent use in 2018. [outdated]
From 1991
After renovation work in 1991, the Brandenburg State Parliament moved into the listed building complex of the war school on the Brauhausberg and had its seat there until the move to the Potsdam City Palace in 2013/2014 .
For the entire area the Potsdam city administration had a circa 2001 shape plan develops, the one following changes Master Plan 2010 provides for the sale of several plots on the mountain and an extensive development, but which mainly meets with the residents to criticism. The Pro Brauhausberg association , founded as a citizens' initiative specifically to help shape the development of the area in a citizen-friendly manner, is currently demanding (as of January 2012) that the open spaces on the Brauhausberg be "redeveloped into a landscaped area with individual striking buildings that provide a public, have city-wide benefits ”. The management of the association invited experts, politicians and interested citizens to an ideas workshop in November 2011, the results of which are publicly available on the Internet .
In 2017, the Blu sports and leisure pool opened at the foot of the Brauhausberg on Leipziger Strasse .
The brewery
For the storage of the beer produced in the Königsbrauerei, tunnels that can still be seen were driven into the mountain. Ice floes from the nearby Havel were stored in these in winter , in order to ensure sufficient cooling of the barley juice with this natural ice in summer. The former brewery was still in operation in the 1980s and was only then replaced by a modern brewery on the Rehbrücke industrial site.
Literature and source
- From war school to parliament. , Writings of the Landtag Brandenburg, issue 3/2000; P. 23/24: On the history of the Brauhausberg
- Luise Fröhlich and Jörg Fröhlich: The Potsdam terrace restaurant 'Minsk' and the Brauhausberg through the ages (1970-2015) . 2015, ISBN 3-7386-4478-4 .
Web links
- Potsdamers create their Vedutenberg. Documentation of the Pro-Brauhausberg e. V. carried out public ideas workshop for urban development on and around the Brauhausberg in the state capital Potsdam, on November 26, 2011 in the Humboldt-Gymnasium in Potsdam. (PDF document, 85 pages; 12.5 MB)
- The Potsdam terrace restaurant and the Brauhausberg through the ages (1970-2015) by Luise Fröhlich and Jörg Fröhlich, 2015
Individual evidence
- ↑ Documentation of the […] ideas workshop; P. 11 ("work order" in the box)
- ^ Günter Schenke: Monument on the Brauhausberg. Apart from the laying of the foundation stone in October 1946, nothing happened , article from Potsdam Latest News from March 15, 2006; Retrieved March 16, 2012
- ↑ Better our cities and communities join in! A long-cherished wish of our population, many young people and athletes is being fulfilled! We are building a swimming pool on the Brauhausberg. ( Memento from September 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 277 kB), postage note from 1969 on the planned swimming pool on the Brauhausberg, accessed on March 16, 2012
- ↑ Henri Kramer, Marco Zschieck: Despite mega-offer: No majority for receipt of "Minsk". In: Potsdam's latest news. December 27, 2017, accessed January 3, 2018 .
- ↑ Documentation of the […] ideas workshop; P. 4
- ↑ Potsdamer create their Vedutenberg. Documentation of the Pro-Brauhausberg e. V. carried out public ideas workshop for urban development on and around the Brauhausberg in the state capital Potsdam, on November 26, 2011 in the Humboldt-Gymnasium in Potsdam. ( Memento of October 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF document; 12.5 MB), accessed on March 16, 2012