Broad-leaved milkweed

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Broad-leaved milkweed
Broad-leaved Spurge (Euphorbia platyphyllos)

Broad-leaved Spurge ( Euphorbia platyphyllos )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Genre : Spurge ( Euphorbia )
Type : Broad-leaved milkweed
Scientific name
Euphorbia platyphyllos
L.

The broad-leaved milkweed ( Euphorbia platyphyllos ) is a species of the family of the milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae).

description

Broad-leaved milkweed is an annual , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of between 25 and 60 cm. The plant usually grows upright and has a bare or scattered hairy stem . The whole plant contains a whitish milky sap . The 1.5 to 4 cm long stem leaves are broadly lanceolate, widened a little towards the front and then pointed. From the middle they are sawn unevenly small and grow on the stem with a heart-shaped or trimmed base. They are usually finely haired on the underside. In the subspecies Shaggy broad-leaf spurge ( Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. Literata ), which occurs only in Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic , the leaves are hairy on the underside and on the edge.

The flowers grow in three to five-pointed umbels , which are forked several times. The bracts are triangular in shape and sessile. The greenish flowers have more or less egg-shaped, yellowish glandular appendages.

The capsule fruit becomes about 3 to 4 mm long and is covered with almost hemispherical warts. There is a narrow, wart-free strip along the fruit flaps. The seeds are usually 1.8 to 2.2 mm long; they are black-brown in color and shiny.

The flowering period of this species extends mainly from June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 28.

  • The bracts are oblong-elliptical and often widest above the center.
  • The lowest cladding sheets, however, are rounded-egg-shaped.
  • Glandular appendages
  • Capsule fruit. You can clearly see the typical wart-free stripes on the capsule.

Locations and distribution

The broad-leaved milkweed grows in weed societies. It prefers fresh and very nutrient-rich soils. In Central Europe it is an order character of the Polygono-Chenopodietalia albi, the hack weed societies, but also occurs in societies of the Agropyro-Rumicion-Verband or the Glechometalia hederaceae -order. In the Allgäu Alps, it was once observed in Bavaria at the Wildenfeldhütte east of the Höfats at an altitude of 1700 meters.

The distribution of the species extends from southern across central Europe to England. It can also be found in central and southern Russia, Asia Minor and North Africa. It is naturalized in North America.

In Germany they are found scattered or rarely in the central and southern areas. It is absent in the north or has very rarely been abducted. The species is rare in Austria and is considered to be endangered, while in Switzerland it can be found generally absent.

Broad-leaved Spurge ( Euphorbia platyphyllos )

Subspecies

There are two subspecies:

  • Shaggy broad-leaf spurge ( Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. Literata (Jacq.) Holub ): It occurs in Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic.
  • Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. platyphyllos : It occurs in Macaronesia, in Europe to Transcaucasia and in Ethiopia.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 638.
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 188.
  3. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Degeneria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 2, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Broad-leaved Spurge ( Euphorbia platyphyllos )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files