Burning Love
| Burning Love | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burning love ( Lychnis chalcedonica ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lychnis chalcedonica | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Burning Love ( Lychnis chalcedonica ), also scarlet Campion or their showy flowers form, Maltese cross or the Jerusalem Cross called, is a plant that the family of the Pink family belongs (Caryophyllaceae).
description
Burning love grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 50 to 100 centimeters. It forms short rhizomes as persistence organs , from which short, flowerless side shoots are occasionally formed. There are stiff, multicellular hairs ( trichomes ). The upright, stiff stem is rarely branched.
The leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and arranged opposite on the stem. The leaf blade of the basal leaves is ovate to spatulate and lanceolate to ovate. The leaf blade of the stem leaves is ovate or ovate-lanceolate with a heart-shaped base at a length of 5 to 12 centimeters and a width of 2 to 5 centimeters. Both leaf surfaces are sparsely hairy.
The main flowering time in Central Europe extends from June to July; in China it is from summer to autumn. The terminal inflorescence formed as a very dense, umbrella-shaped dichasium usually contains 10 to 30, maximum 50 flowers. The herbaceous, small bracts are lanceolate. The slender flower stalks are much shorter than the calyx. The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 1.5 to 2 centimeters, they are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused into a calyx tube with a length of usually 1.2 to 1.5 (to 1.7) and a diameter of about 3 millimeters, which has ten softly haired nerves. The five calyx teeth are triangular-lanceolate with a length of about 3 millimeters. The five striking orange-red to fire-red petals are fused. The deeply incised crown has a diameter of 1 to 2 centimeters. The five corolla lobes are 7 to 9 millimeters wide, obovate and cut in two parts to a third; these corolla lobes are obovate with an awl lateral tooth. The secondary crown consists of two rows of five linear lobes, each with a length of 3 millimeters and a pointed upper end. The ten stamens protrude slightly from the corolla. There are five styluses on the ovary .
The egg-shaped capsule fruits with a length of 8 to 10 millimeters open with five flaps. In China, the fruits ripen in autumn. The dark red-brown seeds are about 1 millimeter in size, triangular-kidney-shaped and sharp-pointed warty.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, 48.
Dissemination and use
The natural occurrences of Burning Love extend from European Russia through Siberia and Central Asia to Mongolia and northern China. There it occurs on moist forest meadows, on the edges of bushes and in ravines.
Burning love came as an ornamental plant from Turkish gardens to Central Europe around the middle of the 16th century, which explains the old names of the flower such as Flos Constantinopolitanus , Lychnis Bycantina or Chalcedonia (from the city of Chalcedon, east of what was then Constantinople). Conrad Gessner was the first in Central Europe to have cultivated them in Zurich around 1560, although it is not known where the flowers originally came from. In Camerarius the plant is called Lychnis Constantinopolitanus vel Cretica , which refers to the island of Crete, which was then under the influence of Venice. Like many other oriental garden plants, it could have come to Central Europe through the Venetian Levant trade .
In the 18th century, German naturalists, around 1739 Johann Georg Gmelin or 1772 Peter Simon Pallas, discovered wildlife in southern and central Russia. Pallas reported that the inflorescences of the plant are used by Tatars as soap, a Russian folk name of the time ( Bojarskaja Spes = "women's jewelry") refers to its use as an ornamental plant. It must have come from southern Russia to the Turkish gardeners. A first illustration of the species can be found in 1583 by the Flemish botanist Rembert Dodoens . In 1588 it was cultivated in the garden of the doctor and botanist Camerarius in Nuremberg, who also depicted it in color in the so-called Camerarius Florilegium. In 1601 it was described and illustrated by the Dutch botanist Charles de l'Écluse (Carolus Clusius).
From the 17th century onwards, different color forms were cultivated, for example plants with white and red-white flowers were reported in 1613, and a little later also with scarlet - red double flowers . This shape was very much appreciated by Goethe (“the most beautiful thing you can see as garden decoration”). From the end of the 19th century, the previously very popular plant was considered old-fashioned and was used much less often.
A naturalization of Lychnis chalcedonica in Central Europe is not known ( stinzen plant ).
Systematics
This species was in 1753 under the name Lychnis chalcedonica by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, p 436 described . A synonym for Lychnis chalcedonica L. is Silene chalcedonica (L.) EHL Krause .
The scientific botanical sources classify them differently: Either in the genus Pechnelken ( Lychnis ) or in the earlier Lychnis species, which belong to the genus Leimkräuter ( Silene ).
swell
- Lu Dequan, Magnus Lidén, Bengt Oxelman: Lychnis L .: Lychnis chalcedonica L. p. 101. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and Saint Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 .
- John K. Morton: Silene L .: Silene chalcedonica (L.) EHLKrause. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 5: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford, July 4, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3 .
- Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
- Timm Nawrocki, January 21, 2011: Silene chalcedonica (L.) EHLKrause - Data sheet of the Alaska Natural Heritage Program of the University of Anchorage UAA (PDF). Retrieved November 13, 2011
- Heinz-Dieter Krausch : Imperial crown and peonies red ... From the discovery and introduction of our garden flowers. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-423-34412-8 , pp. 282-283 .
Further literature
- Christopher Brickell (Ed.): DuMont's Grosse Pflanzen-Enzyklopädie. Volume 2: KZ . Dumont-Buchverlag, Cologne 1998, ISBN 3-7701-4350-7 .
- M. Samuitienë, M. Navalinskienë: Identification of viruses and phytoplasma infecting scarlet lychnis (Lychnis chalcedonica L.) plants. In: Biologija. 2006, No. 2, pp. 59-62.
- MB. Plotnikov, OI. Aliev, AS. Vasil'ev, ZLN. Maslov: The hemorheological effects of Lychnis chalcedonica L. extracts. Eksp Klin Farmakol, 2000 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (article in Russian)
Web links
- Lychnis chalcedonia on NatureGate .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Lu Dequan, Magnus Lidén, Bengt Oxelman: Lychnis L .: Lychnis chalcedonica L. p. 101. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and Saint Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 .
- ↑ John K. Morton: Silene chalcedonica. In: Flora of North America Vol. 5. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, accessed November 24, 2011 .
- ^ Silene in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
- ^ Krausch: Kaiserkron and Peonies red ... p. 282.
- ↑ a b Krausch: Kaiserkron and Peonies red ... p. 283.
- ^ First publication of Lychnis chalcedonica. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .