Brisbane (ship, 1911)
 The similar food as Inhambane
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The Brisbane of the German-Australian Steamship Company (DADG) in Hamburg was a standard freighter with a cooling system that the shipping company put into service in 1911 for the Australian service. The shipping company used 16 almost identical ships of this type from 1911 until the start of the war. The Brisbane was the only ship of its type built by the British shipyard Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd. was delivered, and the last ship the DADG ordered abroad.
When the war began in 1914, Brisbane , who was on her way home, sought refuge in Mormugao and stayed there until she was confiscated by Portugal in 1916. The newly founded Transportes Maritimos Do Estado , renamed Damão, used it as a transporter for the Entente . On April 28, 1918, the Damão was torpedoed with a general cargo on the journey from New York to Liverpool by the German submarine U 91 in St. George's Channel and sunk.
Building history and operations until 1916
The Brisbane was one of the new standard freighters of about 5800 GRT in size and over 9000 tdw tonnage with cargo cooling that were procured from 1911, of which the DADG put sixteen ships into service until the start of the war. She was the only ship that was built abroad and the DADG's last foreign order. The shipping company had only procured new ships for its regular services to Australia and the Dutch East Indies . From its founding in 1888 to 1910, it had put 47 ships into service, only thirteen of which had been built in Great Britain. The Brisbane was built at Swan Hunter. This shipyard had delivered six ships from 1900 to 1909, starting with the Offenbach delivered in 1900 , which was still delivered by the forerunner company Wigham & Richardson.
The first of the new standard freighters were given names of Australian ports that differ from the previous naming. The Tecklenborg shipyard delivered seven ships ( Fremantle and ff.) And the Flensburg main supplier FSG six ships ( Adelaide and ff.). In 1912 the AG Neptun also delivered two ships ( Bochum , Colmar ) when the German city names had been reverted to.
Launched in July 1911, Brisbane was named after the capital of the state of Queensland , Brisbane . The ship entered service to Australia in 1911 as the third of the new ships and remained in service here until 1914. On June 6, 1914, Brisbane's last return voyage began in Sydney. The ship went to the Dutch East Indies via Queensland. It left Cairns in mid-June as the last Australian port.
Remain in the world war
The Brisbane looked at the outbreak of war in Mormugao, the harbor of the Portuguese colony of Goa on India's west coast, refuge. In the end, five German and one Austrian freighter were gathered there. In addition to the Brisbane , the Lichtenfels (1903, 5735 BRT) and Marienfels (1901, 5683 BRT) of the DDG Hansa , the Numantia (1901, 5503 BRT) of the Hapag and the Commodore (1904, 6064 BRT) of the DOAL had visited the neutral port . In addition there was the freighter Vorwaerts (1906, 5990 GRT) of the Austrian Lloyd .
A total of 72 German and two Austro-Hungarian ships had sought protection in Portuguese ports. There were 35 ships in Lisbon alone. Portugal was neutral, but it was also allied with Great Britain since 1912. The British pushed for the ships to be confiscated because they lacked space. At the end of February 1916, the Portuguese government decided to confiscate the German ships. This was followed by the German declaration of war on Portugal on March 9, 1916.
The crews of the ships lying in India had previously been able to leave their ships during the day and only had to return at night. On orders from Lisbon, colonial troops occupied the ships and brought the crews ashore. In June, the Austrian freighter was also confiscated and three prison camps set up on land. 177 men of the six ships were interned, whereby the nations were separated and an extra camp was set up for the 67 citizens of Austria-Hungary. The bulk of the prisoners remained in internment until well after the end of the war, as their home states could not raise the money for the repatriation, and did not return to Europe until 1919 and 1920.
Use and end of the Damão
The seized ships were assigned to the newly established state shipping company Transportes Maritimos Do Estado and were used to support the war effort in the North Atlantic. The Brisbane was named Damão after the Portuguese colony in India, was transferred to Europe and transported goods between the USA and Great Britain.
On April 28, 1918, the Damão was found 12 miles west of Bardsey Island in St. George's Channel by the German submarine U 91 under Captain Alfred von Glasenapp at position 52 ° 45 ′ 39 ″ N , 4 ° 59 ′ 0 ″ W Sunk when she was traveling to Liverpool with a general cargo from New York. The German submarine was then able to sink the British Oronsa (8,075 GRT) nearby .
Fate of the other DADG freighters seized in Portugal
| in service | Surname | tonnage | shipyard | fate |
| 1911 | Adelaide | 5898 GRT |
FSG construction no. 309 |
Confiscated in Luanda in 1916 when Cunene was on the move, demolished in 1955 |
| 1912 | eat | 5878 GRT |
Tecklenborg building no. 247 |
Confiscated in Delagoa Bay in 1916 when Inhambane was on the move, sold to Costa Rica in 1955, demolished in 1959 |
| 1912 | Colmar | 6184 GRT |
AG Neptun building no. 322 |
Confiscated in Funchal in 1916 when Machico was on the move, renamed Luso in 1925 , demolished in 1954 |
| 1914 | court | 4705 GRT | AG Neptun building no. 336 |
Confiscated in Delagoa Bay in 1916 while Gaza was under way, demolished in 1949 |
DADG ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
| in service | Surname | tonnage | shipyard | fate |
| 1906 | Goslar | 4,331 GRT | Swan Hunter construction no. 764 |
Confiscated in Suez in 1914 , used as an Huntsfall from 1915 , sunk
by UB 46 in front of Skyros on December 2, 1916 on the way to Saloniki |
| 1906 | Reichenbach | 4217 GRT | FSG construction no. 267 |
1914 Refuge in Kristiansand , Norway, sold to Bergen Line in 1915, renamed Meteor , sunk 7 December 1916 by UB 29 west of the canal |
| 1901 | Rostock | 4957 GRT | FSG construction no. 208 |
Confiscated in Port Said in 1914 , used as Huntsmoor from 1915 , sunk in the canal on February 20, 1918 by UB 40 on the way to Southampton |
| 1902 | Altona | 4312 GRT | FSG construction no. 219 |
Confiscated in Melbourne in 1914 , used as Conargo from 1915 , sunk in the Irish Sea
by U 96 on March 31, 1918 |
| 1913 | Sumatra | 7484 GRT | FSG construction no. 332 |
Confiscated in Sydney in 1914, used as Barunga from 1914 , sunk by U 108 south of Ireland on 25 July 1918 |
literature
- Bodo Herzog: 60 years of German submarines 1906-1966 . JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1968.
Web links
- Sinking of the D / S Damão
- [1] Portuguese article on the confiscation of German ships
- [2] Port. Article on the action against the German ships in Goa
Individual evidence
- ↑ sinking of the Damão
- ↑ German steamers for Australian trade
- ↑ Steamer launched
- ↑ Return trip on Brisbane via ports on Java
- ^ German Steamers in Portuguese ports
- ↑ Lichtenfels (1)
- ↑ Marienfels (1)
- ↑ Information on India's forward port.
- ^ I Guerra Mundial * Índia Portuguesa * Prisioneiros de guerra Alemães e Austríacos port. Article
- ↑ U 91 , the second most successful submarine of the last year of the war, Herzog, p. 107
- ↑ sinking of the Oronsa
- ↑ Information on the Cunene ex Adelaide port.
- ↑ Information on Inhambane ex Essen port.
- ↑ Information on Luso ex Colmar port.
- ↑ information Gaza ex Hof port.
- ↑ sinking of the Huntsfall ex Goslar
- ^ Sinking of the Meteor ex Reichenbach
- ↑ sinking of the Hunt Moor ex Rostock
- ↑ sinking of the Conargo ex Altona
- ^ Sinking of the Barunga ex Sumatra