Brixner cathedral treasure
The Brixen Cathedral Treasure is a collection of valuable liturgical vestments and implements from the sacristy inventory of the Brixen Cathedral , most of which has been exhibited since 1990 in the Brixen Diocesan Museum at Hofburgplatz 2 of the South Tyrolean municipality of Brixen .
history
Since the Middle Ages, valuable handicraft liturgical implements and vestments as well as relics have been collected in the sacristy of Brixen Cathedral . During the French Wars , the cathedral treasure was brought to Vahrn and Schalders in 1797 . General Barthélemy-Catherine Joubert then led the treasures safely back to Brixen. In the 20th century, the valuable parts of the collection were moved to the Diocesan Museum in Bressanone, with which the cathedral treasury had been connected since 1927. In 2001 the collection was reorganized there, illustrating the rich historical past of the episcopal city of Brixen.
Exhibits
Relic boxes
In the cathedral treasure there are several jewelry boxes, which were created from valuable materials in the Middle Ages, initially for secular purposes, but then served as a storage place for saints relics. These relics are still in the exhibits today. Particularly noteworthy is a reliquary box made of Cypriot ebony from the late 13th century, which consists of cast and gold-painted pewter reliefs. They already show the influence of the early Gothic . The box, which was probably made in France , came in 1659 as a gift from the Venetian Doge Domenico II Contarini to Prince-Bishop Anton von Crosini . Two jewelry boxes in the form of a so-called cofanetto with ivory reliefs of dancing couples come directly from Venice , namely from the workshop of Baldassare Embriachi .
Relic monstrances
Relic monstrances were there to be able to publicly display and worship the relics of the saints to the faithful. One of the medieval reliquary monstrances is an ostensorium with engraved images on the foot, which was donated around 1400 by Heinrich Surauer, the provost of the chapter of the Church of Our Lady on the cloister . Until 1663 the relics of St. Kassian shown. A tower monstrance with the splinter from the cross of Christ, which is kept behind a crystal cylinder, was also made in Venice around 1400. The monstrance is adorned with numerous figures of saints. Prince-Bishop Ulrich Putsch gave the cathedral a reliquary monstrance of St. Laurentius and Leonhard . The most beautiful work from the Renaissance period in the cathedral treasury is a skull relic of St. Markus , stolen from the tent of Sultan Suleyman I in 1532. The cathedral provost and bishop of Wiener Neustadt , Gregor Angerer, donated a reliquary monstrance for this in 1543, which he donated to the cathedral a year later, as he confirmed with his own handwriting on the back.
Liturgical devices
Among the liturgical implements is the burial chalice of Bishop Altwin . He was the bishop who was on the imperial side in the investiture controversy between the emperor and the pope and who in 1080 allowed the holding of the synod in Brixen that Pope Gregory VII declared deposed. There is also a 60 cm high altar cross with thin rock crystal plates, which was made in Venice around 1390. Christoph von Brixen added the figure of the crucified to the cross. A Pax instrument, donated by Gregor Angerer mentioned above, dates from 1520. A lecture cross from Constance on which the enamel tones are applied is also particularly valuable .
The eagle chasuble
The chasuble made of purple silk, which was produced around 1000 in a Byzantine factory, is undoubtedly old . It is assumed that it was an imperial donation (probably Heinrich II. Or Konrad II. ) To St. Bishop Albuin or his successor could act. However, there is no historical evidence for this. Similar pieces of national importance can be found in Auxerre and Aachen . Since it was the custom to display the vestments venerated as relics in the cathedral to the faithful, the fabric was damaged by relic hunters. Since 1550 there have been records that prove the eagle chasuble in possession of the Brixen cathedral treasure.
The Hartmann robes
The two robes of the Blessed Bishop Hartmann von Brixen belong together to a regalia and were also venerated like relics. It is a chasuble and a cope made of dark purple silk damask with a small diamond pattern, provided with a gold woven braid of Norman origin from Palermo .
The miters
The miter is one of the episcopal signs of dignity, the pontificals. Three medieval headdresses of the bishops have been preserved. The workmanship of the oldest miter is one of the Hartmann robes. It has the shape of a miter simplex with two triangular textile horns and dates from around 1150. The horns are reinforced with parchment inlays and covered with linen. Applied, 12 cm wide gold bands show animal figures and tendrils. Bishop Bruno von Kirchberg had a new miter made that bears his name on the gold embroidered border: Episcobus Bruno Deigratia Brixinensis . A late Gothic miter from the middle of the 15th century is decorated on the horns with precious stones and gilded triple-beam leaves. It may have been worn by Nikolaus von Kues .
The pontifical clothing
Gloves with Byzantine enamel tondi from the 11th century are part of the pontifical costume in the Brixen Cathedral Treasure. The gloves themselves are more recent. A second pair of gloves from the 15th century is provided with embroidered Easter lambs on the back of the hand. Gold brocade pontifical shoes date from the 15th century. Also high medieval pieces are a cingulum , made in tablet weaving and decorated with beaten metal plates, and a stole-shaped silk scarf with a knitted gold fabric border with eagle patterns.
Reliquaries of the modern age
From the post-medieval period there is a silver box with the relics of the innocent children in the cathedral treasure . It was made around 1600 in Christoph Fesenmayr's workshop in Augsburg . The cathedral provost David von Spaur gave it to the cathedral. Bishop Ulrich Pfutsch had already received the relics themselves from the Doge of Venice and the Bishop of Gorizia in 1434. The reliquary monstrance of St. The Krakow archdeacon Christoph Varscevitus had to leave Katharina to the cathedral treasury around 1600 because he could not pay the lodging costs when he was passing through. The monstrance probably comes from the Nuremberg workshop of Abraham Tittecke. The reliquary monstrance of St. Martina was made by Georg Wilhelm Fesenmayr in Augsburg and donated to the cathedral treasury by Prince-Bishop Anton Crosini in 1663. The ivory box from the workshop of Wenzel Jamnitzer in Nuremberg dates from around 1590 and was created for profane purposes. Various Germanic kings can be seen on the sides. The box was later used to store relics.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 42 ′ 53.8 " N , 11 ° 39 ′ 21.6" E