Brunfelsia pauciflora
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Brunfelsia pauciflora |
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| ( Cham. & Schltdl. ) Benth. |
Brunfelsia pauciflora is a species from the Franciscea section of the genus Brunfelsia . The 1 to 3 m (rarely up to 5 m) high bushes have the largest flowers within the genus and have therefore been used as ornamental plants for a long time. Originally they occur near the Atlantic coast in southeastern Brazil .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Brunfelsia pauciflora is a 1 to 3 m (rarely up to 5 m) high shrub whose bark is gray-brown and mostly smooth and is only occasionally interrupted by cracks in the longitudinal direction. The few branches are upright or splayed. The dark green, smooth branches are strong and hairless, rarely covered with downy-haired or glandular trichomes .
The leaves are distributed on the branches or as a group at the branch tips. The hairless or downy-haired petioles have a length of 5 to 12 mm. The tightly skinned to almost leathery leaf blade is 6.5 to 16 cm long and 2 to 6.5 cm wide, elongated to elongated-lanceolate in shape, only rarely elliptical-elongated to inverted ovoid elongated. The tip is pointed to tapering to a point, rarely blunt or notched. The base of the leaf blade is wedge-shaped to tapering to a point. The leaf surface is hairless or, especially on the underside of the midrib, dotted or lightly hairy glandular. The top is dark green, matt to glossy, the underside is light green. From the midrib five to eleven side veins go off, which run straight or in a wide arc.
Inflorescences and flowers
Brunfelsia pauciflora bloom between September and December. The inflorescences are terminal, are sessile or almost sessile and consist of one to eleven flowers . Each flower is supported by one to three foliage-like bracts , these are 1 to 8 mm long, linear-lanceolate, concave and narrowly pointed. They can be hairless or ciliate.
The flowers are on 11 to 25 (rarely up to 35) mm long, sturdy pedicels , which stand upright, are slightly wider towards the tip, are hairless or slightly hairy. As the fruit ripens, the stems become thick and corky-warty. The light to dark green colored calyx is 18 to 32 mm long and has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm. It is tubular or, more rarely, tubular-bell-shaped or inflated, covered with glandular trichomes or completely hairless, tightly skinned to almost leathery. The calyx teeth are 3 to 8 mm long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, they rest on the corolla tube, the tips are pointed to tapering. On the fruit, the calyx is bell-shaped-urn-shaped, becomes firmer and thick leather-like, enlarges slightly and completely surrounds the fruit.
The crown consists of five intergrown petals, it is initially deep red-purple and fades to a very light lavender color or too white during the flowering phase. White points appear at the transition between the corolla tube and the coronet, the edge of the corolla is occasionally colored purple. The corolla tube is 28 to 36 mm long and has a diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm, is as long to twice as long as the calyx. At the end of the corolla tube an elliptical, white ring is formed, which is 4 to 5 mm long. The corolla lobes have a length of 15 to 30 mm, are widely rounded to almost elliptical, the tip is rounded or truncated to blunt, laterally they overlap more or less.
The four stamens put in the upper part of the corolla tube, the white stamens are almost turning around, toward the dust bag slightly channel-like. The upper pair of stamens has 4 to 6 mm long stamens, the lower stamens are 2 to 4 mm long. The greenish-brown anthers are 1.5 to 2 mm long and circular to kidney-shaped.
The light green ovary is 2 to 3 mm high and 1.5 mm in diameter, it is conical-egg-shaped. The thread-like stylus has a length of 25 to 30 mm and is colored lavender. The scar is bilobed, white, 1 mm long, the scar lobes are slightly different in size.
Fruits and seeds
The capsule, which is enclosed by the calyx and ripens between January and March, is 20 to 22 mm long, has a diameter of 15 to 18 mm and is almost spherical to ovoid. The surface is smooth and light green, the pericarp is thin and dried when the fruit is ripe. The capsule has cracked open a little. Each capsule contains twelve to 30 seeds , these are 5 to 6 mm long and 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter. They are ovate to elongated, angular and dark red-brown in color. The surface is dotted like a network. The embryo is about 5 mm long, straight, the cotyledons are 2 to 3 mm long and flat ovoid.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Occurrence and locations
Brunfelsia pauciflora occurs mainly on the slopes of the Serra do Mar, facing the Atlantic, in southeastern Brazil . The distribution areas are in the state of Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina , they range from sea level to altitudes of 1500 m. Most of them are mata pluvial called rainforests with an annual rainfall of up to 1600 mm. You can find plants of the species on shady river banks and ravines, as well as in forests in moist, well-draining soils.
literature
- Timothy C. Plowman (Author), Sandra Knapp, JR Press (Ed.): A Revision of the South American Species of Brunfelsia (Solanaceae) . Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago August 1998, ISBN 978-9998104693 . (Fieldiana Botany, New Series, number 39).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brunfelsia pauciflora at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
