Watercresses
| Watercresses | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Real watercress ( Nasturtium aquaticum ), illustration |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nasturtium | ||||||||||||
| WTAiton |
The watercress ( Nasturtium ) is a genus of plants in the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
features
The representatives of the watercress are perennial , herbaceous plants . The rungs are bare or have few simple hairs . The stems crawl at the bottom and are usually bare and hollow. The leaf blades are undivided, pinnately split or have blunt, less than 3 centimeters large pinna. They are more or less hairy.
The inner sepals are sagging. The petals are white, in rare cases pale purple and always over 1 centimeter long. The anthers are yellow. The pods are short and linear. The valves have an indistinct central vein. The stylus is short, the scar is capitate or slightly bilobed. The seeds are in one or two rows.
distribution
The types of the genus are common in Europe , North Africa , Asia and North to Central America .
Systematics
The genus Nasturtium was set up in 1812 by William Townsend Aiton in the second edition of Hortus Kewensis , Volume 4, pages 109-110. Cardaminum Moench is a synonym .
The genus is placed within the cruciferous family in the tribe Cardamineae. It consists of about five types; the two species also occurring in Central Europe are:
- Real watercress ( Nasturtium officinale ( L. ) WTAiton , Syn .: Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. , Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum ( L. ) Hayek ): The original distribution area is in Europe, North Africa with Macaronesia and southwest Asia with Pakistan and India. Today it is widespread almost worldwide as a neophyte .
- Small-leaved watercress ( Nasturtium microphyllum Boenn. Ex Rchb. , Syn .: Nasturtium uniseriatum H.W. Howard & Manton , Rorippa microphylla ( Boenn. Ex Rchb. ) H.Hyl. ): The original homeland is Europe, Morocco, Western Asia with Pakistan and India. As a neophyte, it colonizes numerous other countries in Asia, America and Australia as well as Hawaii.
A naturally occurring hybrid of the two species is the bastard watercress or sterile watercress ( Nasturtium x sterile ( Airy Shaw ) Oefelein , Syn .: Rorippa x sterilis Airy Shaw ).
The other types are:
- Nasturtium africanum Brown-Blanq. (Syn .: Nasturtium mesatlanticum O.E. Schulz , Rorippa africana ( Braun-Blanq.) Maire ): It occurs in two subspecies in Morocco .
- Nasturtium floridanum ( Al-Shehbaz & Rollins ) Al-Shehbaz & RAPrice (Syn .: Cardamine curvisiliqua Shuttlew. Ex Chapm. , Rorippa floridana Al-Shehbaz & Rollins ): Home is Florida .
- Nasturtium gambelii ( S.Watson ) OESchulz (Syn .: Cardamine gambelii S.Watson , Rorippa gambelii ( S.Watson ) Rollins & Al-Shehbaz ): Home is California , Mexico and Guatemala .
swell
- Details for: Nasturtium. In: The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, accessed on February 11, 2012 (English, from K. Marhold: Brassicaceae, 2011).
literature
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Nasturtium WT Aiton in W. Aiton and WT Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 110. 1812. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America. Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . tape 7 . Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 , pp. 489 (English, Nasturtium - text with the same text as the printed work: section description and distribution).
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae (= Flora of China ). tape 8 . Science Press et al. a., Beijing et al. a. 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 , Nasturtium , p. 136 (English, efloras.org - section description and distribution, text identical to the printed work). flora.huh.harvard.edu ( Memento from September 22, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 36.43 kB).
Individual evidence
- ^ William Townsend Aiton: Hortus kewensis . A Catalog of Plants cultivated in The Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. 2nd Edition. tape IV . London 1812, p. 109-110 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Nasturtium WT Aiton. at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (English).
- ^ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, RA Price: Delimitation of the Genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae) . In: Missouri Botanical Garden (ed.): Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 8 , no. 2 , August 1998, ISSN 1055-3177 , pp. 124–126 (English, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 635, 636 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Nasturtium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
