Chest band thread elf

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Chest band thread elf
Chest-band thread fairy illustrated by Louis Victor Bevalet

Chest-band thread fairy illustrated by Louis Victor Bevalet

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Coquettes (Lophornitini)
Genre : Thread Elves ( Discosura )
Type : Chest band thread elf
Scientific name
Discosura langsdorffi
( Temminck , 1821)

The breast band thread elf ( Discosura langsdorffi ) or Langsdorffelfe is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is found in parts of Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

Chest band thread elf

features

The male breast band thread elf, including the tail, reaches a body length of about 12 to 13.6 cm, with a weight of about 3.2 g. The female is significantly smaller at around 7.4 to 7.6 cm. The male has a short straight black beak. The top of the head shimmers emerald green, the rest of the top is copper green with a white band across the rump . The glittering emerald green of the throat is bordered by a golden copper band. The belly is black. the flanks are bronze green. The outer control feathers of the long forked tail are gray, the shaft of all tail feathers is white. The top of the female is similar in color to that of the male. The throat is decorated with green and is decorated with black sequins , which is delimited by a copper-colored border. The belly is black with white flanks. The short, forked tail is bronze colored at the base, the rest steel blue with white spots. Young birds are similar in color to the females.

Behavior and nutrition

The nectar refers the chest band Fadenelfe of flowering Calliandra , Inga -Trees, lantana , mimosa , vochysia , bromeliads plants , composite flowers , labiates , mallow and Rötegewächsen . It also feeds on small arthropods . A female was observed to retrieve the insects that were entangled in cobwebs.

Vocalizations

Most of the time, the chest band thread elf is calm. Occasionally, they are a short in food intake tsip or Tschip of himself. In flight, the shaking wing beat sounds like a bee.

Reproduction

In the southeast of Brazil, the breeding season is from November to March, in the south of Ecuador in September. The goblet-shaped nest is built from soft parts of bulrush , bromeliad and other plant seeds and is decorated on the outside with lichen. She builds this on a horizontal branch that is about 10 to 35 meters above the ground. Once a nest was discovered in the top of a kapok tree . The nest is about 23 to 35 mm high. The outer radius is approx. 23 to 35 mm, the inner radius approx. 14 to 23 mm. The two eggs, weighing approximately 0.36 g, are approximately 12.5 × 8.5 mm in size. The breeding period is 13 days and hatching occurs by the female. Observations in Ecuador showed 3 to 56 minutes absence from the nest and 1 to 31 minutes presence at the nest. During the presence, the female incubated between 3 to 24 minutes.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area of ​​the breast band thread elf

They prefer to move in moist lowland forests and their edges at altitudes between 100 and 300 meters. In the Amazon region is often Terra Firme -Forest their preferred habitat. However, there are also reports of sightings in Várzea landscapes and in the transition zones to the Terra Firme forests. The foraging takes place from the middle strata to the treetops.

migration

The migration behavior has not yet been researched. It is believed that she is likely a resident bird .

Subspecies

So far, two subspecies are known:

  • Discosura langsdorffi melanosternon ( Gould , 1868) is widespread in southeastern Colombia and southern Venezuela, across eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and northwestern Brazil. The subspecies is a bit smaller. The top of the head is grass green, the underside darker. In the chest area, the color is a little more golden than in the nominate form .
  • Discosura langsdorffi langsdorffi ( Temminck , 1821) occurs in eastern Brazil.

Etymology and history of research

Chest band thread elf illustrated by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre as part of the first description

The first description of the breast ribbon thread elf was in 1821 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck under the scientific name Trochilus langsdorffi . The type specimen came from the collection of Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff and was shot in Brazil . It was not until 1850 that the new genus Discosura was introduced for the discus elves by Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte . Only later was the breast band thread elf added to the genus. The name “Discosura” is derived from the Greek words “diskos”  δίσκος for “plate, disk” and “oura”  οὐρά for “tail”. The species name "langsdorffi" is dedicated to the Brazilian consul general and owner of the type specimen. "Melanosternon" is a Greek word formation from "melas, melanos μελας, μελανος " for "black" and "sternon στερνον " for "breast".

literature

  • Thomas Züchner, Guy Maxwell Kirwan, Peter Boesman: Black-bellied Thorntail (Discosura langsdorffi) . In: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana (eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona ( hbw.com ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Coenraad Jacob Temminck: Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux: pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon . tape 4 , delivery 11. Legras Imbert et Comp., Strasbourg 1821, plate 66, figure 2 & text ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Descriptions of two new species of humming-birds . In: Annals and Magazine of Natural history including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (=  4 ). tape 1 , 1868, p. 322-323 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Conspectus generum avium . tape 1 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson: Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées” of Temminck & Laugier (1820-1839) . In: Zoologische Verhandelingen . No. 335 , 2001, p. 7–53 ( repository.naturalis.nl [PDF; 2.5 MB ]).
  • Norinomiya Sayako, Edward Clive Dickinson: Systematic notes on Asian birds. 10. The “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées” of Temminck & Laugier (1820-1839): the little known impression of 1850 . In: Zoologische Verhandelingen . No. 335 , 2001, p. 55–59 ( repository.naturalis.nl [PDF; 167 kB ]).

Web links

Commons : Brustband-Fadenelfe ( Discosura langsdorffi )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Thomas Züchner u. a. in: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (see literature)
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Coenraad Jacob Temminck u. a., p. 89, plate 66, figure 1.
  4. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, p. 81.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 137.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 248.

Remarks

  1. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson (2001), and Norinomiya Sayako (2001) u. a. (see literature). The plaque and the text were part of delivery 11 from 1821.
  2. ^ Both Trochilus longicaudus Gmelin , 1788 and Ocreatus ligonicaudus Gould , 1846 are synonyms for the discus elf.