Bob hair (plant)
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Bob hair ( Soleirolia soleirolii ) |
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| ( Req. ) Dandy |
The bob ( Soleirolia soleirolii , Syn. : Helxine soleirolii . Req ), also Bubiköpfchen called, is the only kind of plant genus Soleirolia within the family of Nettle family (Urticaceae). It comes from Sardinia and Corsica and is used as a houseplant .
description
Appearance and leaf
The bob hair grows as a creeping, perennial herbaceous plant . It grows quickly and forms dense cushions or pillows with heights of 2 to 25 cm. The above-ground parts of the plant are sparsely to densely downy covered with sickle-shaped and straight hair, but not as in some genus of the nettle family with stinging hairs. The delicate, thin thread, glassy translucent, branched stems can reach lengths of up to 50 cm and can contact the node ( Nodien bewurzeln).
The alternately arranged leaves have simple leaf blades that are circular to oblong with a length of 3 to 8 mm and a width of 2 to 4 mm and are clearly unequal at their base. The leaf margin is whole. The leaves of the natural form are lush green. The cystolites are elongated linear. There are no stipules .
Flower and fruit
Soleirolia soleirolii is single sexed ( monoecious ). The lateral inflorescences each contain only one flower. Female flowers are formed in the lower part of the stem and male flowers in the upper part. The male flowers contain four free bracts and four stamens and a sterile obovate pistil. The four bracts of the female flowers are fused and have no hair. In the female flowers, the thin styles are not durable and there are no staminodes .
The sitting, glossy, light brown achenes measures 0.8 to 0.9 mm in length and about 0.6 mm in diameter and is symmetrical, egg-shaped with a pointed upper end. The achenes are densely enveloped by the durable bracts , which form three corky wings and are covered by fine, hooked hair, as well as by the durable, dry-skinned bracts.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20; Based on the basic chromosome number of the genus Soleirolia of x = 10, diploidy results .
distribution
Soleirolia soleirolii is originally from the Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Corsica . There is a subtropical climate with warm and dry summers and mild and humid winters. Soleirolia soleirolii grows there in the shade of trees, especially on good forest soil. It also occurs in wall joints , between stepping plates and rocks. For some years now, naturalized neophytic occurrences have increased in ornamental lawns in western Germany. B. in Münster, in the Ruhr area and in Cologne, the origin of which can be traced back to feral growth. These deposits have overwintered for several years in deep frosts down to around -16 C and are continuing to spread. Contrary to what was initially assumed, these occurrences do not have to have arisen from broken shoots in a vegetative manner. The bobble head also blooms regularly in the open air in the aforementioned places, so that it can also spread through seeds.
Systematics
It was first described as Helxine soleirolii in 1825 by the French botanist Esprit Requien . Requien honored Joseph Francois Soleirol , who collected the plant near Cervione in Corsica. Since the name Helxine was already given by Linnaeus for a completely different plant, namely a representative of the knotweed family, the bobbed had to get a new generic name. The French botanist Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré created Soleirolia in 1830 and also honored Soleirol with it. The combination Soleirolia soleirolii was finally formed by James Edgar Dandy in 1965. Because of the different endings of generic names and specific epithets , it is formally not a tautonym and therefore permissible according to the rules of botanical nomenclature . Soleirolia soleirolii is the only species in the genus Soleirolia within the Urticaceae family .
Culture as a houseplant
maintenance
Bob hairs prefer a light to partially shaded place without direct sunlight. They thrive best at temperatures around 15 ° C in summer and around 10 ° C in winter. They should therefore not be too warm, for example above heaters. The location must be frost-free, as they can withstand temperatures as low as -5 ° C. However, this also means that in sheltered locations they can even be planted outdoors as ground cover. The underground parts of the plant then sprout again in spring.
If the bob hair should keep its spherical shape or if it is too big, it can simply be "styled" with scissors. The increase of the bobbed head is possible without any problems. You can split the stick or make cuttings .
With regard to optimal irrigation, the bobbed head is a specialty. While most plants require little or no additional moisture in the winter months, the bobbed head has to be watered all year round. It is important to ensure that the soil is always slightly damp. The substrate must not dry out. However, the bob hair must be protected from waterlogging; So avoid water residues in the coaster. These can lead to damage such as root rot, especially in winter when the plant is cool. When watering, it should be noted that watering is only from below. Otherwise, there is a risk that the leaves will rot.
Cultivated forms
There are a number of types of bobbed hair
- 'Argentea' (also 'Variegata', 'Silver Queen'): This shape has silver leaves.
- 'Aurea': The leaves of this shape are golden green.
swell
- David E. Boufford: Soleirolia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 411-412 (English, online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 , p. 1750.
- ↑ a b c d e David E. Boufford: Soleirolia. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 411-412 (English, online ).
- ^ Peter W. Ball: Soleirolia. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 81 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b Soleirolia soleirolii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Biological Station Westliches Ruhrgebiet eV: Non-resident plants in the western Ruhr area. ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Bochum Botanical Association: Contributions to the flora of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2013. Yearbook of the Bochumer Botanical Association. Vol. 5, 2014, pp. 130–163 ( PDF 6.4 MB)
- ↑ a b Armin Jagel, Corinne book: Soleirolia soleirolii - Bubikopf (Urticaceae), flower formation also in the field. In: Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Volume 3, 2012, pp. 285-289 (PDF file) .
- ↑ Armin Jagel, Corinne book: Observations on some neophytes in the Bochum area (Ruhr area / North Rhine-Westphalia). In: Floristic Newsletters. Volume 44, 2011, pp. 44-59.
- ^ Esprit Requien: Observations sur quelques plantes rares ou nouvelles de la Flore Française. In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Paris). Volume 5, pp. 381-387 (here: p. 384, digitized version ).
- ^ Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré: Botanique. In: Louis de Freycinet (ed.): Voyage autour du monde: entrepris par ordre du roi sur les corvettes de SM l'Uranie et la Physicienne. Part 12, Pillet-ainé, Paris 1830, p. 504, digitized .
- ↑ James Edgar Dandy: Urticaceae. In: Vernon H. Heywood (Ed.): Flora Europaea. Notulae Systematicae ad floram Europaeam spectantes No. 5. In: Fedde's repertory. Volume 70, No. 1-3, 1965, p. 4, DOI: 10.1002 / fedr.19650700103 .
- ↑ a b c Rob Herwig: Pareys houseplants encyclopedia. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-489-61024-5 .
- ↑ Soleirolia soleirolii at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Bob hair (plant). In: FloraWeb.de.
- Soleirolia soleirolii (Req.) Dandy In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .