Ronow Castle
| Ronow Castle | ||
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 Ruins of Rohnau Castle |
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| Alternative name (s): | Rohnau Castle (German), Zamek Trzciniec (pl.) | |
| Creation time : | around 1250 | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Noble | |
| Place: | Trzciniec | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 57 '27 " N , 14 ° 54' 5.5" E | |
| Height: | 285 m npm | |
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The remains of Ronow Castle , also Rohnau Castle ( Zamek Trzciniec in Polish ) are located 200 meters north of the village of Trzciniec (Rohnau) on a rocky hill on the right bank of the Lusatian Neisse in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia .
history
The castle was built at the beginning of the 13th century by the line of Sittaw ( Zittau ) from the Hronovice family . The name of the castle is probably derived from its ancestor Hron , after whom the older Ronov Castle in the Bohemian Central Uplands is said to be named.
The first written record dates from 1262 and shows a Conrad von Rhonawe as a burgrave. The main place of the rule and bailiff Ronow, which formed a subdivision of the rule Zittau, was Hirschfelde . In 1268, Zdislaw Von Leipa and his wife Agnes von Zoyna can be identified as the owners of Sittaw and the Ronow castle stable ; the foundation of the Franciscan monastery in Zittau is ascribed to them. The designation as Burgstall in most medieval documents does not mean that the castle was in a desolate place.
The castle served to protect the trade routes between Görlitz , Zittau and Friedland , which ran over the market town of Hirschfelde . The Unterronow Meierhof below belonged to the castle .
Around 1270, the people of Leipzig ceded both lords to the Bohemian crown. After the death of Přemysl Ottokar II , the guardian of the underage Wenceslas II , Otto IV. Of Brandenburg received this as a pledge. In 1283, Ronow and Sittaw returned to the crown possession when Rudolf I lifted the pledge because it was invalid.
In 1310, Henry VII gave Zittau and Ronow back as an old family property to the Bohemian court marshal Heinrich von Leipa in the course of the coronation of his son Johann von Luxemburg . In 1319 von Leipa pledged the rule of Zittau as well as the castles Ronow, Oybin and Schönbuch to Heinrich I von Jauer as marriage property.
In 1332 the Duke of Jauer appointed Jaroslais von Schlieben to the castle captain of the castle stables Ronov. After the death of Heinrich, who died without an ancestor, the pledge fell to the Bohemian crown in 1346.
Ronow came back to the Leipaer in 1389 when Wenzel IV. Enfeoffed his bailiff of Zittau and Görlitz, Anselm von Ronow auf Sandau , who came from a sideline of this family . This also ended the shared history with the Zittau rulership. After losing his offices, Anselm von Ronow sold the castle to Margrave Jobst of Moravia . Margrave Jobst handed the castle over to one of his followers from the Berka von Dubá family .
This turned Ronow into a robbery that both the margrave and the lord of the castle Hinko Berka von Dubá used as a starting point and loophole for raids on the merchants' drives on the Rosenthaler Berg, in the possessions of the city of Zittau and the other Upper Lusatian six cities. When on November 11, 1396 Wenzel IV gave the order to the bailiff Hincze Pflugk von Rabenstein to storm the castle by the Upper Lusatian Union of Six Cities , Jobst got his cousin Wenzel to revoke the order before it could be carried out.
When the robberies did not end, in 1398 the governor, Margrave Prokop of Moravia , ordered the razing of Ronow on behalf of Wenceslas. In January 1399 the castle was stormed in the second siege attempt after a week and dragged to the foundation walls.
Little has been preserved from the once stately castle. In 1794, the first excavations took place in the ruins when the forester's house in Rohnau was built in the courtyard. A cellar vault measuring 7 × 6 m and 3.5 m high was uncovered, which is believed to be the castle dungeon. The city of Zittau had the castle well carved into the rock cleared. It is 45 m deep and has a water level of 18 m. During the work, some weapons as well as bones and ledges made of sandstone were found.
Access to the castle
Sealed well entrance
Cellar vault
Documentation of the story
In 1840 further investigations of the area were carried out. In addition to the fountain, some wall remains and a filled-in moat have been preserved around the 125 × 55 m large castle courtyard. In the course of the tourist development of the Neisse valley , an excursion restaurant was opened in the forester's house. Like the southern Hältersberg, the Burgberg offered a good panoramic view of the Jizera Mountains , Lusatian Mountains and Zittau Mountains as well as the Neißetal.
After the Second World War, the excursion restaurant was closed and the ruins were rarely visited. The forester's house burned down completely around 1980 and the area around the ruins became overgrown. When Poland joined the European Union in 2004, the property regained a certain importance. The Rohnau castle ruins were included in the route of the early Slavic ramparts and medieval castles . The project is funded by the Zgorzelec district and the EU. Since 2006, visitors can find a plaque on the site about the history of the castle. Furthermore, the well shaft, which had been open and unsecured for decades, was sealed with a concrete ceiling. The former well house is probably history since the end of the Second World War and was not rebuilt. The signs to the property leave a lot to be desired; Traces of vandalism are obvious.
literature
- Fritz and Elisabeth Böhmer: Robber barons' castles in Bohemia and Lusatia . Piding-Verlag, 1990
- Tilo Böhmer, Marita Wolff: In the Zittauer Zipfel . Lusatia-Verlag Bautzen, ISBN 3-929091-85-2
- Hermann Knothe : History of the villages Rohnau, Rosenthal and Scharre, near Hirschfelde in the Koenig. Saxon Upper Lusatia . Zittau 1857. (Reprint: Ostritz 2003)