Burgus Passau-Haibach

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Burgus Passau-Haibach
limes Limes Noricus
section Route 1
Dating (occupancy) valentine ?
Type Burgus
unit Limitanei / ripenses
size 12 m × 12 m
Construction stone
State of preservation square structure,
foundations were restored and preserved.
place Passau - Innstadt
Geographical location 48 ° 34 ′ 28.3 "  N , 13 ° 29 ′ 51.7"  E
height 300  m above sea level NHN
Previous Boiodurum Fort (north)
Subsequently Burgus Oberranna (east)
Limes3.png
Findings plan from 1991
The preserved remains of the Roman watchtower on the site of the sewage treatment plant in Haibach.
Photo: Hunter , 2015
PNP

Link to the picture
(please note copyrights )

The Burgus Passau-Haibach is a late antique watchtower in the area of Bayerisch Haibach , the easternmost district of Innstadt , a district of Passau in the administrative region of Lower Bavaria in Eastern Bavaria , Germany . The Burgus was probably one of the numerous border fortifications on the Upper Danube built under Emperor Valentinian I , but only briefly occupied. In the last phase of the Noric Limes it probably replaced the Boiotro fort located a little further up the river (Passau-Innstadt district).

Location and function

The tower is located in the district of Innstadt, just on the border with Austria , at the confluence of the rivers Danube ( Danuvius ), Inn ( Aenus ) and Ilz on the site of a sewage treatment plant on Wiener Straße (which should follow the course of the ancient Limesstraße) between the mouths of Haibach and Kräuterbach into the Danube. In Roman times the Burgus was still located directly on the high bank of the Danube.

The tasks of the tower crew included securing the river border (ripa) and the Inn crossing from the Roman province of Raetia ( Raetia ) to Noricum (Norikum), protecting the city of Batavis (today's Passau), transmitting communications along the Limes and monitoring and Control of the surrounding roads and shipping traffic on the Danube.

Research history

The first investigations at the tower site were undertaken in 1906/1907 by Franz Joseph Engel (1867–1922), high school professor at the humanistic high school in Passau . However, since two kilns were built into the tower in the Middle Ages, Engel mistakenly interpreted the remains as a brick and lime kiln. In two further excavations in 1978/79, Helmut Bender , Professor of Archeology of the Roman Provinces at the University of Passau , finally recognized a multi-phase Roman watchtower from late antiquity in the remains of the wall. Further investigations could be carried out while the sewage treatment plant was being built in 1983/1984. However, his excavation results were not published.

development

The Burgus dates from the second half of the 4th century AD and, like the Burgus Hirschleitengraben in Upper Austria, which is very similar in design , probably goes back to a watchtower from the 2nd or 3rd century AD. The first tower was probably part of the first chain of watch and signal towers on the Limes in Norway. The Burgus was probably occupied until the 5th century, as the find of so-called Horreum ceramics suggests. In the High Middle Ages the ruins were used as a brick and lime kiln.

Burgus

The facility had a square floor plan measuring 12 × 12 meters. The foundations of the approx. 1.20 to 1.30 meter thick walls stood on a wooden grating ( pilots ) because of the swampy terrain . Presumably they originally reached a height of 8.40 meters (roof approach). The tower should have been about the same width as it was high (height to the roof gable twelve meters). The north wall was almost completely destroyed when the brick factory was built. It was surrounded on all sides by an average three meter wide ditch (measured in the south), the width of the berm was eight meters.

Monument protection

The Burgus is protected as a registered ground monument within the meaning of the Bavarian Monument Protection Act. Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, random finds must be reported to the monument authorities.

Notes and whereabouts

The city of Passau's sewage treatment plant is located at Wiener Straße 45, around 800 meters before the Achleiten border crossing ( map ). The remains of the tower and the brick kilns have been preserved and partially reconstructed ( map ). They were covered with a protective structure that is located behind the main building. A visit is only possible after prior registration by telephone. The finds from the excavations are now in the State Archaeological Collection in Munich.

See also

literature

  • Helmut Bender:  Passau. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 22, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017351-4 , pp. 496-499.
  • Helmut Bender: A late Roman watchtower near Passau-Haibach. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 24, 1982, pp. 55-77.
  • Thomas S. Burns: The Watchtower at Passau-Haibach: A Historical Perspective. In: Ostbairische Grenzmarken 24, 1982, pp. 78-81.
  • Günther Moosbauer : Passau-Haibach watchtower / Burgus. In: Herwig Friesinger , Fritz Krinzinger (Hrsg.): The Roman Limes in Austria. Guide to the archaeological monuments. Vienna 1997, pp. 154–156.
  • Günther Moosbauer: Passau - Haibach. Watchtower . In: Verena Gassner / Andreas Pülz (ed.): The Roman Limes in Austria. Guide to the archaeological monuments , publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-7001-7787-6 , pp. 134–135.
  • Thomas Fischer : Noricum. Zabern, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-8053-2829-X (Orbis Provinciarum, Zabern's illustrated books of archeology), p. 135.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Joseph Engel: Memories and outlooks on Roman research in Passau . In: Donauzeitung Passau , Volume 118, Nos. 143 and 144 from 24./25. May 1908; Franz Joseph Engel: Passau, Municipal Museum . In: Reports of the Roman-Germanic Commission. Volume 7, 1912, p. 70.
  2. ^ Moosbauer 1997, p. 154 and p. 157.
  3. ↑ Moosbauer 1997, pp. 154–156.
  4. ↑ G. Moosbauer 2015, pp. 134–135
  5. ↑ G. Moosbauer 2015, pp. 134–135