Buyeo (State)
| Chinese name | |
|---|---|
| Traditional : | 夫 餘 |
| Simplified : | 夫 馀 |
| Pinyin : | Fúyú |
| Wade-Giles : | Fuyu |
| Korean name | |
| korean alphabet : | 부여 |
| Chinese characters : | 夫 餘 |
| Revised Romanization : | Buyeo |
| McCune-Reischauer : | Puyŏ |
|
History of Korea to the 10th Century |
|---|
| Prehistoric Korea |
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| Antiquity |
| Proto-three realms |
| Time of the Three Kingdoms |
| Northern and Southern states |
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| Later three realms |
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Buyeo was a Korean kingdom that dates back to the 2nd century BC. Existed in northern Korea and southern Manchuria until AD 494 . It saw itself as the heir of Go-Joseon , so the rulers called themselves Tanje , as in Go-Joseon. In 494 AD, the now strongly decimated Buyeo submitted to the kingdom of Goguryeo that had developed on its territory . Both Goguryeo and Baekje - who called itself Nambuyeo ( Kor. 남 부여 , South Buyeo) from 538 AD - saw themselves as the legitimate successors of Buyeos.
Although there are few and often contradicting records about Buyeo, it is certain that it split over time into Dongbuyeo ( 동부여 , East Buyeo) and Bukbuyeo ( 북 부여 , North Buyeo). The term Jolbon Buyeo ( 졸본 부여 ) probably refers to the originated Goguryeo or its capital.
Emergence
Buyeo probably originated in the 2nd century BC. In the area of the break-up Go-Joseon. The exact time cannot be determined, but the name Buyeo was already known at the time of the Warring States (475–221 BC). Chinese sources claim that Buyeo was founded by Dongmyeong ( Chinese 東 明 ; 동명 ). In Korean writings King Haburu is mentioned, the Buyeo 59 BC. Should have founded.
Buyeo was in close contact with the nearby Chinese colony of Xuantu . Although it invaded the Chinese borderlands in AD 111, it paid tribute to the Han Dynasty in AD 120 and dispatched Prince Weichoutai ( 尉 仇 台 ) to Xuantu the next year . In 167 it again attacked China.
Dongbuyeo
According to some sources, Buyeo was divided into two states, Bukbuyeo and Dongbuyeo. Dongbuyeo was founded east of the country Woju ( 沃 沮 ) in the area of today's Yanbian . It was eventually captured by Goguryeo.
Jolbon Buyeo
Korean sources name a state called "Jolbon Buyeo" and are likely to refer to the emerging Goguryeo or its capital. The founder of Goguryeos, King Jumong is said to have descended from a family from Buyeo; depending on the source, he is referred to as the son of the king of Bukbuyeo, the stepson of the king of Jolbon Buyeo or the husband of a woman from Buyeo. Goguryeo was probably founded in the area of Jolbon Buyeo and initially had close ties with Dongbuyeo. Goguryeo eventually conquered all of Buyeo.
Decline
Towards the end of the Han Dynasty, Buyeo defended himself against Xianbei and Goguryeo with the support of a Chinese tribal prince from the Liaodong peninsula , Gongsun Gu . Later the Chinese Wei dynasty defeated the Gongsun family and sent a punitive expedition led by Wuqiu Jian against Goguryeo, which was kindly received by Buyeo. This gave China extensive knowledge of Buyeo.
In 285 AD, a Xianbei tribe , the Murong , invaded Buyeo. Attacks by Goguryeo and northern tribes further weakened the kingdom. Around 347, Buyeo was attacked by Goguryeo and withdrew to the Harbin area. In 457, Buyeo paid tribute to the Wei Dynasty . In 494 it was attacked together with Goguryeo by the Mohe tribe ( 勿吉 ; 물길 ) and the royal family moved to Goguryeo.
In 410 refugees from the Buyeo Empire founded Dumakru state north of the Songhua River .
Web links
- The Three Kingdoms and other states on korea.net
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Individual evidence
- ^ Warren I. Cohen (2000) East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement With the World . Columbia University Press.