Carbidopa

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Carbidopa
other names	( S ) -3- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) -2-hydrazinyl-2-methyl-propanoic acid; (2 S ) -3- (3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) -2-hydrazino-2-methylpropionic acid ( IUPAC ) ; L-carbidopa; Carbidopum ( Latin ) ;
Molecular formula	C 10 H 14 N 2 O 4 ; C 10 H 14 N 2 O 4 • H 2 O;
Brief description	white to yellowish white powder (carbidopa monohydrate)
External identifiers / databases
EC number	249-271-9
ECHA InfoCard	100,044,778
PubChem	34359
ChemSpider	31640
DrugBank	DB00190
Wikidata	Q71133637
Drug information
ATC code	N04 BA03 ; N04 BA02 ;
Drug class	L -DOPA- decarboxylase inhibitors
properties
Molar mass	226.23 g · mol -1 (carbidopa) ; 244.24 g mol −1 (carbidopa monohydrate) ;
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	203–205 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	poorly soluble in water, very poorly soluble in ethanol , practically insoluble in dichloromethane , soluble in dilute mineral acids (carbidopa monohydrate)
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Monohydrate Caution
H and P phrases	H: 319
	P: 305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data	468 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , ip ) ; 2804 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , ip ) ;
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Like benserazide, carbidopa is an L- DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor . It inhibits the metabolism of L- DOPA ( levodopa ) and is therefore used as a chiral, enantiomerically pure drug in combination with levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease . Carbidopa was patented by MSD as a decarboxylase inhibitor in 1961, 1963, 1969 and 1971 and is commercially available as a generic drug in combination with levodopa . The combination of levodopa + carbidopa was added to the World Health Organization's list of essential drugs by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1977.

pharmacology

Carbidopa selectively prevents the conversion of L -DOPA to dopamine in the periphery because it can not penetrate the blood-brain barrier . So there are u. a. less tendency to tachycardia , nocturia , orthostatic dysregulation . With the addition of carbidopa, less levodopa has to be administered, since without peripheral decarboxylation inhibition 95% of the administered levodopa would be decarboxylated outside the brain.

Trade names

Combination preparations

Duodopa (D, A, CH), Isicom (D), Levobeta (D), Levo-C (D), LevoCar (A), LevoCarb (D), Levocomp (D), Levodopa (D), Sinemet (A, CH), Striaton (D) and a generic (CH)
(carbidopa in combination with levodopa .)
Stalevo (D, A, CH)
(carbidopa in combination with levodopa and entacapone )

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Data sheet carbidopa monohydrate CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on July 30, 2010.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d entry on carbidopa. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 10, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b Carbidopa data sheet , European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 21, 2019 ( PDF ).
↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF; 442 kB) , accessed on September 20, 2012.
↑ Mutschler, drug effects, 9th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8047-1952-1 .

[Ph._Eur.-1] Data sheet carbidopa monohydrate CRS (PDF) at EDQM , accessed on July 30, 2010.

[RÖMPP_Online-2] try on carbidopa. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 10, 2014.

[Sigma-3] Carbidopa data sheet , European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on December 21, 2019 ( PDF ).

[4] WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (PDF; 442 kB) , accessed on September 20, 2012.

[5] Mutschler, drug effects, 9th edition, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8047-1952-1 .