Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt

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Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt.

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt (born June 1 . Jul / 13. June  1822 greg. In Mitau , † February 27 jul. / 11. March  1894 greg. In Tartu ) was a Baltic German physician and chemist .

Life

Schmidt was the son of a pharmacist in Mitau in Kurland , which today Latvia belonging Jelgava born. In Mittau, the capital of Courland, he attended high school from 1832. He did an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Berlin from 1838 to 1841 and then studied chemistry and medicine in Berlin in 1842/1843 and in Gießen in 1843/1844. He received his PhD in 1844 at Justus Liebig in Giessen Dr. phil. with a thesis on vegetable mucilage and after further studies in 1844/1845 with Friedrich Wöhler , Rudolph Wagner and Julius Vogel in Göttingen, he received his doctorate in medicine at the University of Göttingen in 1845 . After studying in Germany, Schmidt worked at the Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg , passed the Russian medical exam in 1845, became a doctor 1st department in St. Petersburg and in 1846 also wrote two further dissertations for obtaining Russian doctoral degrees. He then became an extra-budgetary and from 1847 to 1850 regular private lecturer for physiological and pathological chemistry at the University of Tartu ( Dorpat ). In 1850 he was appointed associate professor of pharmacy and head of the Pharmaceutical Institute. In 1852 he became a full professor of medicinal chemistry and, as such, director of the chemical laboratory in Dorpat until his retirement in 1892. In 1878 Wilhelm Ostwald received his doctorate in his group. In 1860 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

At first, Schmidt was primarily interested in medical topics. He succeeded in the first more precise analysis of the composition of various body fluids, such as blood and bile . Together with Max von Pettenkofer , he is also considered the founder of metabolic research. Schmidt recognized that hydrochloric acid is a component of stomach acid and examined its interactions with pepsin . Later he was mainly interested in the geochemistry of the deposits of peat , phosphorite , guano , natural gas and oil in the Baltic States , Russia and Siberia .

Wöhler wrote to him in a letter about the priority for the discovery of cellulose . In 1844, Schmidt coined the term carbohydrates . In a letter of 1844 to Liebig, Wöhler praised the extensive work done by Schmidt in Göttingen on the chemical nature of the organs of invertebrates and praised him as an excellent, witty fellow, the best head of the species we now have.

Fonts

  • On the comparative morphology of invertebrates. A physiological-chemical examination. Friedrich Vieweg and son , Braunschweig 1845 ( archive )
  • Characteristics of epidemic cholera versus related transudation anomalies . GA Reyher, Mitau and Leipzig 1850 ( archive )
  • with Friedrich Heinrich Bidder : The digestive juices and the metabolism: a physiological-chemical investigation. GA Reyher, Mitau and Leipzig 1852 ( archive )

literature

  • Lexicon of important chemists by Winfried R. Pötsch (lead); Annelore Fischer; Wolfgang Müller. With the collaboration of Heinz Cassebaum.'Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt / M. 1988. ISBN 3-8171-1055-3 , p. 382.
  • Andreas Mettenleiter : Testimonials, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements III (I – Z). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 22, 2003, pp. 269-305, here: p. 290.
  • R. Stefan Roß, Karl Hansel (ed.): Carl Schmidt and Wilhem Ostwald in their letters. Board of Directors of the Wilhelm Ostwald Society, Großbothen 2000.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in the burial register of the university community in Dorpat (Estonian: Tartu ülikooli kogudus)
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 215.
  3. ↑ Georg Schwedt, Liebig und seine Schüler, Springer 2002, p. 198. The letter is from 1846 to Liebig.
  4. ↑ Schwedt, Liebig and his students, p. 198
personal data
SURNAME Schmidt, Carl Ernst Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian doctor and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH June 13, 1822
PLACE OF BIRTH Mitau
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1894
Place of death Dorpat