Caroline Bardua
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Caroline Bardua (born November 11, 1781 in Ballenstedt ; † June 2, 1864 there ) was a German painter and salonnière . She was one of the first bourgeois women in art who could build up an existence as a free visual artist .
Life
Caroline Bardua was born in 1781 as the daughter of Johann Adam Bardua, valet of the Hereditary Prince Alexius von Bernburg , and Sophie Sabine Kirchner in Ballenstedt in the Harz region.
The painter's first teacher was Johann Heinrich Meyer in Weimar from 1805 to 1807 . In Weimar she also met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , whose portrait she drew. Afterwards, Caroline Bardua and Louise Seidler were a student of Gerhard von Kügelgen in Dresden from 1808 to 1811 . Here she manufactured u. a. Copies of paintings. She made the acquaintance of Anton Graff and the then still unknown Caspar David Friedrich . Friedrich made the Bardua a figure in his painting Garden Terrace in 1811 after a visit to Ballenstedt . After completing her training at Kügelgen, which remained unsystematic, Caroline went on trips to Paris and Frankfurt with her sister, the singer Wilhelmine Bardua .
In 1819 both sisters, who remained unmarried all their lives, came to Berlin, where they ran a salon. One of the guests was the poet August Friedrich Ernst Langbein . Caroline's works were in demand in Berlin, but this soon turned into the opposite. In particular, an exhibition in 1822, in which Caroline's portraits of Princess Alexandrine of Prussia , the Prince and other family members were shown together with similar portraits of Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow , led to strong criticism of the artist, who, unlike Schadow, had no academic training would have.
In 1827 the two sisters had to give up their residence in Berlin for financial reasons and began an unsteady wandering life that often led them to smaller cities like Heidelberg or Krefeld, away from any competition. Both sisters lived together. After Caroline's death in 1864, Wilhelmine Bardua wrote the biography of her sister and died only one year after her in 1865. The youthful life of the painter Caroline Bardua appeared posthumously in 1874.
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Caroline Bardua mainly created portraits and made copies of paintings. Among those portrayed are personalities such as Caspar David Friedrich, whom she a. a. shortly before his death portrayed in oil, Julius Eduard Hitzig , Niccolò Paganini , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, his wife Christiane von Goethe and Johanna Schopenhauer .
She designed covers for the Kaffeterzeitung . In the circle of friends she also appeared as a set designer, for example in the play Savigny and Themis, text and stolen music by Johanna Mathieux , staged by Caroline Bardua , which the children of Bettina von Arnim performed on the occasion of Friedrich Karl von Savigny's birthday in 1838.
“Karoline Bardua had a decided profession for art. In perseverance, diligence and the ability to conceive, she surpassed her sex and distinguished herself most advantageously from all other students of my father, who therefore took her on with particular interest and was delighted with her successes as long as he lived. "
Honors
Karl Wilhelm Salice-Contessa wrote his poem To Caroline Bardua in 1822 . In Dresden, Caroline-Bardua-Strasse was named after the artist. Starting in 1839, Caroline Bardua received an annual pension of 100 thalers from the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin and in 1857 a medal from Duke Alexander Carl and Duchess Friederike von Anhalt-Bernburg “For Merit to Art and Science to Caroline Bardua”.
In Ballenstedt, Barduastraße was named after the sisters, there are also information boards at the birthplace at Allee 37 and at the house at Allee 38, where the sisters spent their old age .
literature
- Wilhelmine Bardua: Youth life of the painter Caroline Bardua. With the portrait of Caroline Bardua. Edited by Walter Schwarz based on a manuscript by her sister Wilhelmine Bardua . Hoffmann, Breslau 1874.
- Hans Peper: Karoline Bardua . In: Central German Life Pictures. Volume 2: Pictures of the 19th Century. Magdeburg 1927, pp. 107-116.
- Wilhelmine Bardua: The Bardua sisters. Pictures from the social, artistic and intellectual life of the Biedermeier period. From Wilhelmine Bardua's notes, designed by Johannes Werner . Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 1929.
- Pastor Jung, Mußbach: On the trail of an old Huguenot family in Mußbach. For the 200th birthday of Johann Adam Pardua, born on August 24, 1739 in Mußbach-Lobloch. (According to the family research of the lieutenant colonel of the Gend. Bardua in Bad Ems) . Carl Bockfeld printing works, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1939.
- Josefine Rumpf: Bardua, Karoline. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 587 ( digitized version ).
- Petra Wilhelmy-Dollinger: Caroline and Wilhelmine Bardua, two well-known Ballenstedt women . City administration Ballenstedt 1993 ( Kulturhistorische Schriften Ballenstedt . 1).
- Inga Leuwer-Bardua: Bardua . In: German gender book. Volume 206, Fifty-fifth General Volume, CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1998, ISBN 3-7980-0206-1 .
- Bärbel Kovalevski: Between Ideal and Reality - Artists of the Goethe Time . Gotha / Konstanz 1999, pp. 43, 84, 90, 105, 131, 142, 173, 240.
- Christa Eschmann: The Bardua sisters , Roman. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2001. ISBN 3-89812-073-2 .
- Martin Stolzenau: The painter Karoline Bardua portrayed intellectual greats of her time . In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung . February 20, 2002.
- Bärbel Kovalevski: Caroline Bardua . Publishing house Dr. Bärbel Kovalevski, Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-9812252-3-5
Individual evidence
- ↑ In the war year 1813, the Kügelgen family found refuge in Caroline Bardua's parents' house in Ballenstedt.
- ↑ Detlef Stapf: Caspar David Friedrichs hidden landscapes. The Neubrandenburg contexts . Greifswald 2014, network-based P-Book
- ↑ Wilhelm von Kügelgen: Memories of the youth of an old man . Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig 1959, p. 147.
Web links
- Literature by and about Caroline Bardua in the catalog of the German National Library
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bardua, Caroline |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 11, 1781 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Ballenstedt |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 2, 1864 |
| Place of death | Ballenstedt |