Cathédrale américaine de Paris

Cathédrale américaine de Paris (2016)

Interior (2012)

The Cathédrale américaine de Paris (German "American Cathedral in Paris}"), formerly known as Cathédrale de la Sainte Trinite known (German "Cathedral of the Holy Trinity"), is an Anglican church from the late 19th century . It serves as a meeting place for the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe , a quasi-diocese of the Episcopal Church of the United States of America . The building is located in the center of Paris between the Champs-Élysées and the Seine on avenue George V in the 8th arrondissement . The next underground stations are Alma - Marceau and George V .

history

The origins of the Cathédrale de la Sainte-Trinité go back to the 1830s, when the then resident American Episcopalians met in the garden pavilion of the Hôtel Matignon to hold their services there. The property was the residence of the American Colonel Herman Thorn (1783-1859), who lived abroad at the time . Today the Hôtel Matignon serves as the official seat and residence of the French Prime Minister . In 1859 the formal establishment of a parish took place and in 1864 the first church building was inaugurated on Rue Bayard.

In the 1870s, John B. Morgan, a cousin of the US entrepreneur JP Morgan , became the Anglican pastor ( English Rector ) of the parish. He decided that the congregation needed a larger house of worship and began raising funds to build it. The land that was purchased for construction was on avenue George V (then avenue d'Alma ) and was originally part of the estate of Charles de Morny , a half-brother of Emperor Napoleon III. The plans approved in October 1882 were implemented in less than four years of construction. The opening ceremony took place in September 1886. The consecration took place on Thanksgiving , November 25, 1886. The Church of the Holy Trinity was promoted to the Cathedral of the American Episcopal Congregations in Europe in 1922 , but continued to serve as a parish church .

Painting Après l'Office à l'Église de la Sainte-Trinité, Noël 1890 by Jean Béraud

The cathedral appears in the painting Après l'Office à l'Église de la Sainte-Trinité, Noël 1890 (German: "After the service in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Christmas 1890") by the French painter and graphic artist Jean Béraud . The painting is on loan from the Musée Carnavalet . During the German occupation of France in World War II (1940-1944), the cathedral was home to the German military chaplaincy .

Today, parishioners and visitors are offered a variety of activities, including missionary work, our own adult education programs, the Journey to Adulthood Program for Young People , a youth choir, and various music programs.

architecture

The house of worship was designed by the British architect George Edmund Street in the neo-Gothic style. Street also designed the church of San Paolo dentro le mura in Rome . In his design for the Cathédrale de la Sainte-Trinité , Street followed, as he called it, the principle of "ethical architecture". After that, a column that is used for architectural reasons and looks like marble should also be made of marble.

Street died before the plans were finalized in December 1881, so his son, Arthur E. Street , and British architect Arthur Blomfield took over and completed the work. The building was built by the British entrepreneur Henry Lovatt from Wolverhampton . While the main part of the church was completed in 1886, the tower and other work took more than two decades to complete.

During the chorus , and the transition vault made of stone, is the vault of the nave of oak , perhaps due to limited construction site, the buttresses prevented that would have been required for the weight of a stone ceiling. The cathedral is 45 meters long, 21 meters wide and 18 meters high.

The 42  stained glass windows were designed by James Bell and manufactured between 1883 and 1893. Her subject is the words of the Te Deum . The tower, which is one of the highest in Paris with a height of 85 meters, was inaugurated on Easter Sunday in 1909.

organ

The organ at the end of the main nave (2012)

The cathedral's large organ was completed in 1887 by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll and inaugurated on October 5, 1887 by the French organist and composer Alexandre Guilmant . It is assumed that Marcel Dupré in particular was responsible for the current arrangement of the instrument, which is still one of the largest in Paris; he worked as a consultant several times, first in 1922, then in 1930 and finally with Maurice Duruflé in the 1950s. The last restoration was completed in 1993 by the organ building company of Bernard Dargassies , which was only made possible with the generous support of the Paulé Foundation and other community members. The organ was consecrated on February 21, 1993. In the same year, two well-known organists played the organ: the French Marie-Madeleine Duruflé on May 18, 1993 and the American Marilyn Keizer on May 30, 1993.

A small mechanical organ, built by the French organ builder Erwin Müller, was placed on the rear gallery in 1970. In 1993, Bernard Dargassies modified this choir organ and made it part of the main organ: the cathedral's large organ actually consists of two parts. Edward J. Tipton, the cathedral's former choirmaster and music director ( canon for music ), said:

"[The Grand Choeur division] pulls the sound of the main organ into the nave of the Cathedral, and the two act as one."

"[The choir organ] pulls the sound of the main organ into the nave of the cathedral, and the two act as one."

The large organ has 72 sounding registers (80 rows of pipes) with 5206 pipes and has the following disposition :

I Grand-Orgue C-c 4 diapason 16 ′ Bourdon 16 ′ Montre 08th' violoncello 08th' Flûte Harmonique 08th' Bourdon 08th' Prestant 04 ′ flute 04 ′ Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Duplicate 02 ′ Plein-Jeu III-V Résultante de 16 ′ I Basson 16 ′ Trumpet 08th' Clairon 04 ′ Cloches

II Positif expressif C – c 4 Principal 8th' Bourdon 8th' flute 8th' Dulciane 8th' Voix angélique 8th' Prestant 4 ′ Flûte douce 4 ' Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Duplicate 2 ′ Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ Trumpet 8th' clarinet 8th' Tremulant

III Récit expressif C – c 4 Quintaton 16 ′ diapason 08th' Flûte traversière 08th' Viole de Gambe 08th' Voix céleste 08th' Flûte octaviante 04 ′ Octavine 02 ′ Larigot 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′ Plein-Jeu III-V Cornet III-V Bombard 16 ′ Trumpet 08th' Clairon 04 ′ Basson-hautbois 08th' Voix humaine 08th' Tremulant

IV Solo expressif C – c 4 French horn 8th' tuba 8th' Philomela 8th' viola 8th' Voix céleste 8th' Orchestral trumps 8th' Tremulant IV Grand Choeur C – c 4 Montre 16 ′ Montre 08th' Bourdon 08th' Prestant 04 ′ Duplicate 02 ′ Large Fittings II Plein-Jeu IV Cymbel III Grand Cornet V Chamade 08th' Chamade 04 ′

Pedal C – g 1 Sub bass 32 ′ violoncello 32 ′ Sub bass 16 ′ double bass 16 ′ violoncello 16 ′ Fifth 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′ flute 08th' Bourdon 08th' violoncello 08th' Bourdon 04 ′ Bombard 32 ′ Bombard 16 ′ Trumpet 08th' Clairon 04 ′

• Pairing :
  • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P; I / I, II / II, III / III, IV / IV
  • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III; I / I, II / II, III / III, IV / IV
  • Super octave coupling II / I, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P; I / I, II / II, III / III, IV / IV
• annotation

1. ↑ ^{a b} Prepared for later installation.

literature

• Cameron Allen: The History of the American Pro-Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Paris (1815–1980). iUniverse, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4759-3782-4 .
• June E. Rives: Paris Perfect. Fulton Books, 2017, ISBN 978-1-63338-538-2 .

Web links

Commons : Cathédrale américaine de Paris  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website - The American Cathedral in Paris
• Travel France Online - The American Cathedral in Paris

Individual evidence

1. ^ The American Cathedral in Paris - History. (No longer available online.) Amcathparis.com, Jan 14, 2014, archived from the original on Jan 14, 2014 ; accessed on November 12, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , p. 5
3. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , p. 123
4. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , p. 307.
5. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , p. 499.
6. ↑ ^{a b} June E. Rives, 2017 , p 144th
7. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , pp. 685ff.
8. ^ The American Cathedral in Paris - Welcome. (No longer available online.) Amcathparis.com, Jan 16, 2014, archived from the original on Jan 16, 2014 ; accessed on November 12, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , pp. 327ff
10. ^ Low Hill House And Its Owners. historywebsite.co.uk, accessed November 12, 2017 . 
11. ↑ Cameron Allen, 2013 , p. 423
12. ↑ Top 10 france's tallest cathedrals and churches. frenchmoments.eu, accessed November 12, 2017 . 
13. ^ ^{A b} The American Cathedral in Paris - The Great Organ. (No longer available online.) Amcathparis.com, archived from the original on November 13, 2017 ; accessed on November 12, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ ^{a b} The American Cathedral in Paris - Specifications the Great Organ (PDF document). (PDF) static1.squarespace.com, 1993, accessed November 12, 2017 . 

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 3 ″  N , 2 ° 18 ′ 2 ″  E