Marcel Dupré

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Marcel Dupré.
Official portrait photo at the organ in Saint-Sulpice in Paris shortly after taking up his new post in January 1934
Marcel Dupré in front of his organ in his home in Meudon
Grave of Marcel Dupré and his family on the Cimetière des Longs-Réages in Meudon near Paris
Memorial plaque on the former home of Marcel Dupré in Meudon, 40 boulevard Anatole France.
German translation: The composer Marcel Dupré, organist of Saint-Sulpice
lived here from 1925 to 1971

Marcel Jean-Jules Dupré (born May 3, 1886 in Rouen , † May 30, 1971 in Meudon ) was a French organist , composer , music teacher , music writer and editor. He enjoyed a worldwide reputation as an interpreter, improviser and teacher.

Life

Marcel Dupré was born in Rouen to Albert Dupré (1860–1940) and Marie-Alice Chauvière. The father, a student of Alexandre Guilmant , was a music teacher at the Lycée Corneille and organist at the church of St-Ouen de Rouen . The mother was a pianist and as such a student of Aloys Klein. In 1893 Marcel Dupré received his first music lessons from his father. Three months later he played the organ in public for the first time at a wedding in Elbeuf . In 1896 Louis Vierne witnessed his organ playing in Saint-Valéry-en-Caux.

In 1902 Dupré began his studies at the Paris Conservatory , where he first studied piano with Louis Diémer , later also organ with Alexandre Guilmant and composition with Charles-Marie Widor . In 1914 he won the Grand Prix ​​de Rome with his cantata Psyché . In 1920 he performed all of Johann Sebastian Bach's organ works by heart in ten concerts at the Paris Conservatory ; a year later he repeated this series of concerts, also by heart, in the Palais du Trocadéro .

From 1926 to 1954 Dupré directed the organ class at the Paris Conservatory, where he played numerous well-known musicians such as B. Marie-Claire Alain , Pierre Cochereau , Jeanne Demessieux , Marie-Madeleine Duruflé , Rolande Falcinelli , André Fleury , Jean-Jacques Grunenwald , Jean Guillou , Pierre Labric , Jean Langlais , Gaston Litaize , Olivier Messiaen or Luigi Ferdinando Tagliavini taught. In 1934 he succeeded Widor as organist at the great Cavaillé-Coll organ in Saint-Sulpice in Paris. From 1947 to 1954 Dupré headed the American Conservatory in Fontainebleau and (from 1954 to 1956, as successor to Claude Delvincourt ) the Paris Conservatory. In 1956 he became a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts as the successor to Marcel Samuel-Rousseau .

Marcel Dupré was buried on the Cimetière des Longs – Réages in Meudon (Dept. D / 0814).

plant

Compositions

Dupré's complete oeuvre comprises around one hundred works for piano , organ , orchestra , choir and chamber music , although some early works have not yet been published. His compositional focus, however, was the organ. As a brilliant concert organist and improviser, Dupré went on numerous concert tours around the world. Some of his organ works were originally improvisations, which Dupré later reworked into compositions, such as op.18 (15 verses) , op.23 (Symphonie-Passion) , op.29 (Le Chemin de la croix) and op.57 (Choral et Fugue) .

Textbooks and editions / arrangements

In addition to his publications as a composer and author of textbooks on organ playing, music theory ( counterpoint and fugue ) and improvisation, he was also the editor and arranger of the organ works by Johann Sebastian Bach , César Franck , Alexander Glasunow , Georg Friedrich Händel , Franz Liszt , Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Robert Schumann and an anthology with individual pieces by old masters.

These editions, which were published by the Parisian publisher S. Bornemann, are characterized by the most precise labeling with finger and foot clauses . They were originally designed, especially the Bach edition, for personal practice. Dupré played all of Bach's works by heart in concerts. Hence the exact name of the text. In addition, in contrast to today's conception based on historical practice, for Dupré the strict legato was the consistent articulation when playing Bach's organ works. This explains the many substitution fingerings (for the silent finger changes on a key), which are supposed to guarantee the execution of the legato game.

Organ by Marcel Dupré in Meudon

Marcel Dupré's organ in the music hall of his former home in Meudon

His salon organ is located in the music hall of the former home in Meudon , 40 boulevard Anatole France , which Dupré lived from 1925 to 1971 . The instrument was built in 1897–1898 by the organ builder Charles Mutin for Dupré's teacher Alexandre Guilmant and set up in his (Guilmants) villa in Meudon in 1898. The organ initially had 28 registers on three manuals and a pedal with mechanical action. In 1926 Dupré bought the instrument and had it installed in his apartment. In 1934 he had the instrument electrified and expanded according to his specifications; it was added a fourth manual work (solo), the key action was switched to electro-mechanically and there were numerous paddocks added and combinations. In addition - this is a special feature of the instrument - the manual range of initially 61 keys (C – c 4 ) has been expanded by an octave (12 keys); each manual now comprises 6 octaves (C – c 5 ). The instrument has 34 registers (approx. 2,200 pipes) on four manual works and a pedal. The game actions are electro-mechanical, the stop actions are mechanical. The instrument has been a listed building since 1995.

I Grand Orgue C – c 5
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Montre 8th'
3. Flûte harmonique 8th'
4th Salicional 8th'
5. Prestant 4 ′
II positive C-c 5
6th Quintaton 16 ′
7th Cor de nuit 8th'
8th. Principal 8th'
9. Flute douce 4 ′
10. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  '
11. Quarte de Nasard 2 ′
12. Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  '
13. Clarinet 8th'
Tremolo
III Récit expressif C – c 5
14th diapason 8th'
15th Dulciane 8th'
16. Flûte harmonique 8th'
17th Voix céleste 8th'
18th Flûte octaviante 4 ′
19th Duplicate 2 ′
20th Plein jeu III
21st Hautbois 8th'
22nd Trumpets 8th'
Tremolo
IV Solo expr. C-c 5
23. Flute 8th'
24. Viol 8th'
25th Voix céleste 8th'
26th Basson 16 ′
27. Hautbois 8th'
28. Clarinet 8th'
Tremolo
Pedale C – g 1
29 Contrebasse 16 ′
30th Soubasse 16 ′
31. Bourdon 8th'
32. Flute 8th'
33. Violoncello 8th'
34. Bombard 16 ′
  • Couple
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Sub-octave coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II
    • Super octave coupling: II / I, III / I, IV / I, III / II, IV / II, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
  • Playing aids: Fixed combinations for the individual works and for the entire instrument; free combinations , register crescendo

Compositions

Organ solo

  • Elévation op.2 (1912)
  • Trois Préludes et Fugues op.7 (1912) ( Prélude et fugue en Si majeur , Prélude et Fugue sol mineur )
  • Scherzo op.16 (1919)
  • 15 Versets pour les Vêpres du Commun des Fêtes de la Sainte Vierge op.18 (1919)
  • Cortège et Litanie op.19 no.2 (arrangement of the piano version, 1921)
  • Variations sur un Noël op.20 (1922)
  • Suite Bretonne op.21 (1923)
  • Symphony Passion op.23 (1924)
  • Lamento op. 24 (1926)
  • Deuxième Symphony op.26 (1929)
  • Sept Pièces op.27 (1931)
  • Seventy-Nine Chorales op.28 (1931)
  • Le Chemin de la croix op.29 (1931)
  • Trois Élevations op.32 (1935)
  • Angélus op.34 No. 1 (1936)
  • Trois Préludes et Fugues op.36 (1938)
  • Evocation op.37 (1941)
  • Le Tombeau de Titelouze op.38 (1942)
  • Suite op. 39 (1944)
  • Offrande à la Vierge op. 40 (1944)
  • Trois Esquisses op.41 (1945)
  • Paraphrase on the Te Deum op.43 (1945)
  • Vision op.44 (1947)
  • Eight Short Gregorian Preludes op.45 (1948)
  • Epithalame without op. (1948)
  • Miserere Mei op.46 (1948)
  • Psaume XVIII op.47 (1949)
  • Six Antiennes pour le Temps de Noël op.48 (1952)
  • Vingt-Quatre Inventions op.50 (1956)
  • Triptyque op.51 (1957)
  • Nymphéas op.54 (1959)
  • Annonciation op. 56 (1961)
  • Choral et Fugue op.57 (1962)
  • Trois Hymnes op.58 (1963)
  • Two Chorales op.59 (1963)
  • In Memoriam op.61 (1965)
  • Meditation without op. (1966)
  • Entrée, Canzona et Sortie op.62 (1967)
  • Quatre Fugues Modales op.63 (1968)
  • Regina Coeli op.64 (1969)
  • Vitrail op.65 (1969)
  • Offertoire: Variations on "Il est né, le divin enfant"
  • Variations sur "Adeste fideles" (reconstructed improvisation that Dupré played on a Welte Philharmonic organ with a punched tape)

Organ with other instruments

  • Cortège et Litanie op.19 for organ and orchestra (arrangement of the piano version, 1921)
  • Symphony in G minor op.25 for organ and orchestra (1927)
  • Ballade op.30 for organ and piano (1932)
  • Concerto in E minor, Op. 31 for organ and orchestra (1934)
  • Poème héroïque op.33 for organ, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones and percussion (1935)
  • Variations sur deux thèmes op.35 for organ and piano (1937)
  • Sinfonia op.42 for organ and piano (1946)
  • Quartet op.52 for violin, viola, cello and organ (1958)
  • Trio op.55 for violin, cello and organ (1960)
  • Sonata in A minor op.60 for cello and organ (1964)

Choral music

  • Les Normands op.1 for choir and orchestra (1911)
  • Psyché op.4 for voices and orchestra (1914)
  • Quatre Motets op.9 for voices and two organs (1916)
  • De Profundis op.17 for solos, choir, organ and orchestra (1917)
  • Ave Verum op.34 No. 2 for voices and strings (1936)
  • La France au Calvaire op.49 for solos, choir, organ and orchestra (1953)
  • Deux Motets op.53 for soprano and choir (1958)

Piano solo

  • Six Preludes op.12 (1916)
  • Marche militaire op.14 (1915)
  • Quatre Pièces op.19 (1921)
  • Variations in C sharp minor op.22 (1924)

Chamber music

  • Sonata in G minor op.5 for violin and piano (1909)
  • Quatre Mélodies op.6 for voice and piano (1913)
  • Deux Pièces op.10 for clarinet and piano (1917)
  • À l'amie perdue op.11 for voice and piano (1911)
  • Deux Pièces op.13 for cello and piano (1916)

Other works

  • Élevation op.2 for harmonium (1913)
  • Fantaisie in B minor op.8 for piano and orchestra (1912)
  • Marche militaire op.14 for orchestra (arrangement of the piano version, 1915)
  • Orientale op.15 for orchestra (1916)

literature

  • Robert Delestre: L'œuvre de Marcel Dupré. Editions “Musique Sacrée”, Paris 1952.
  • Jeanne Demessieux : L'art de Marcel Dupré. Études, Paris, April 1950.
  • Rolande Falcinelli : Marcel Dupré, 1955: Quelques œuvres. Alphonse Leduc, Paris 1955.
  • Bernard Gavoty: Marcel Dupré. Les grands interprets. Éditions René Kister, Geneva 1955.
  • Michael Murray: French Masters of the Organ. Yale University Press, New Haven 1998.
  • Michael Murray: Marcel Dupré: The Work of a Master Organist. Northeastern University Press, Boston 1985.
  • Michael Murray: Marcel Dupré: Life and Work of a Master Organist. Translated by Hans Uwe Hielscher. Edition Günter Lade, Langen near Bregenz 1993, ISBN 3-9500017-3-5 .
  • Graham Steed: The Organ Works of Marcel Dupré. Pendragon Press, Hillsdale, NY 1999.
  • Bruno Chaumet. Marcel Dupré, souvenirs. Association des Amis de l'Art de Marcel Dupré, Paris 2006.
  • Marcel Dupré. Marcel Dupré raconte ... Bornemann, Paris 1972. (German under the title: Marcel Dupré: Memories: Marcel Dupré raconte. Translated and commented by Hans Steinhaus. Verlag Merseburger, Berlin / Kassel 1981. Edition Merseburger 1195. (Publication of the society der Organfreunde; 79). ISBN 3-87537-180-1 .)
  • Annie Puthod. Marcel Dupré, L'organiste et ses élèves. Mémoire de maîtrise, Paris-IV-Sorbonne, 1973.
  • SL:  Dupré, Marcel. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 4 (Camarella - Couture). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2000, ISBN 3-7618-1114-4  ( online edition , subscription required for full access)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Murray: Marcel Dupré.
  2. ↑ The negative assessment of Dupré's editions by today's organists as overloaded and not in the sense of historical performance practice, misjudges their original meaning as the artist's personal working material and the temporal dimension of Marcel Dupré's play, which, like the play of other great interpreters of the past, undergoes must be seen and judged from a historical perspective. This also applies to their editions of classical music (compare, for example, the editions of Hans von Bülow , Ferruccio Busoni , Eugen d'Albert , Alfred Cortot , Karl Straube and others, which of course do not meet the requirements that are today made of an Urtext - Edition, but significantly influenced the history of the interpretation of classical instrumental music).
  3. ↑ https://www.gdo.de/fileadmin/gdo/pdfs/AO-1103-Kalipp.pdf , page 2
  4. ↑ Information on the organ and its specifications (French), both viewed on March 31, 2018
predecessor Office successor
Charles-Marie Widor Titular organist at the Saint-Sulpice Church (Paris)
1934–1971 		Jean-Jacques Grunenwald
personal data
SURNAME Dupré, Marcel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dupré, Marcel Jean-Jules (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French organist, composer, music teacher, music writer and editor
DATE OF BIRTH May 3, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Rouen , France
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1971
Place of death Meudon , France