Andrei Artamonowitsch Matwejew

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Andrei Artamonowitsch Matwejew ( Hyacinthe Rigaud , 1706, Hermitage , St. Petersburg)

Andrei Matveyev Artamonowitsch ( Russian Андрей Артамонович Матвеев * August 15 . Jul / 25. August  1666 greg. , † September 16 jul. / 27. September  1728 greg. ) Was a Russian diplomat .

Life

Matveev was the only son of the boyar closest to the Tsar , Artamon Sergejewitsch Matwejew, and his wife of Scottish descent Eudoxia Grigoryevna Khomutova, née Hamilton. At the age of eight he became a seneschal at court. After Fjodor III took office. In 1676 he went into exile with his father in Pustosersk and Mesen . When he and his father after the death of Fjodor III. 1682 from exile to Moscow returned, was shortly after his father in Strelets - uprising murdered while he together with Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin and other relatives of Peter I could save them from the Strelets in the Matveyev-house, as he in his later recordings wrote. He had to go into exile again, although the Strelizos weren't looking for him. He did not take part in the war games of Peter I and received an excellent education from his teachers Podborski and Nicolae Milescu Spătar , so that he mastered foreign languages ​​and spoke Latin . In 1684 he married Anna Stepanovna Anitschkowa (1666–1699), daughter of Seneschal Stepan Alexandrowitsch Anitschkow, with whom he had four children.

Matveev became voivode in 1691 in the Dvina region, through which all Russian trade with Western Europe passed, and in 1693 in the other important trading center of Yaroslavl . After his discharge from this position, he translated Cesare Baronios Annales ecclesiastici a Christo nato ad annum 1198 .

After the Great Embassy of Peter I, Matveev and Pyotr Vasilyevich Kurbatov were sent to The Hague in 1699 as Russian Ambassador Extraordinary Plenipotentiary to the Republic of the Seven United Provinces , where they were disregarded as Muscovite barbarians, especially after the defeat at Narva against the Swedes . Although little financial resources were made available to him, he was able to buy weapons and recruit foreign specialists to serve with the tsar. His main task was on the one hand to ensure the neutrality of the seven provinces in the Northern War , which he succeeded. On the other hand, he was supposed to ensure that the envoy of the Seven Provinces in Constantinople helped with the conclusion of peace after the Russo-Turkish War . He also set up the first spiritual mission to a Russian embassy abroad in The Hague, for which he selected Archbishop Athanasius Lyubimov of Cholmogory .

In 1705 Peter I sent Matveyev to Paris to win France as a mediator for peace with the Swedes. He also tried unsuccessfully to get the detained Russian merchant ships free and to sign a trade agreement. In 1707 he went to London . He proposed a Grand Alliance to Queen Anne and prevented Stanislaus I. Leszczyński from being recognized as King of Poland . In the summer of 1708, Matveyev was arrested on a lawsuit filed by a lender, which outraged the Russian government. Despite the apologies from Parliament and the Queen, so great was the indignation of the Diplomatic Corps that Parliament passed the Act Preserving the Privileges of Ambassadors (April 21, 1709) , the world's first law to ensure diplomatic immunity . In 1710, the English ambassador Charles Whitworth, on behalf of his Queen, brought the official apology to Tsar Peter I.

In 1712 Matwejew von Den Haag was succeeded Johann Christoph von Urbich in Vienna at the court of the Roman-German Emperor Charles VI. offset. His successor in The Hague was Boris Ivanovich Kurakin . Before the Prut campaign of Peter I in the Principality of Moldova , Matvejew sought joint activities against the Turks in Vienna without success. Nevertheless, when he left Vienna in 1715, he was given the title of count, which was then also recognized by the Russian government. His successor in Vienna was Ludwik Kazimierz Łączyński .

Back in Russia , Matveyev was initially placed at the head of the Navigation School and the Naval Academy. In 1717 he became the first president of the new judicial college in Moscow, which served as the highest court of appeal . Vice-president was Hermann von Brevern . (In 1722 the judicial college was relocated to St. Petersburg with Pyotr Matwejewitsch Apraxin as the new president.) In 1719 Matwejew became a senator . 1724–1725 he headed the Moscow Senate Office. In 1726 he checked the administration of the Moscow Governorate and found theft and embezzlement in all cities. The perpetrators were severely punished and a secretary from a voivodship office was even hanged. At court this was viewed as arbitrary, which accelerated Matveev's dismissal in 1727.

Matwejew had married in 1720 as his second wife Anastassija Yermilowna Argamakowa, widow of Seneschal Michail M. Argamakow and mother of the nine-year-old Alexei Mikhailovich Argamakow . She supported her husband in all his affairs and was one of the ladies-in-waiting of the Duchess of Courland Anna Ivanovna . The marriage remained childless.

Matveyev was a very active Westerner with the best private library in Russia. He had brought more than 1,000 books with him from abroad. 136 manuscripts and 766 printed books are known by name, including 444 in Latin, 155 in French and 43 in Polish . Chamberlain Friedrich Wilhelm von Bergholz visited Matveyev's house in Moscow and described its rich furnishings with many rare paintings. Matveyev had richly endowed his house church in Moscow. Presumably at the request of Peter Pavlovich Schafirow , who was commissioned by Catherine I with a story of Peter I, Matvejew wrote a somewhat one-sided description of the Strelizen uprising in 1682 and the events that followed up to 1698 in a squiggly language full of Latin phrases and in the last years of his life Gallicisms . In his diary of the unofficial mission to the French court (1705-1706) he described the political structure of the government of Louis XIV , the prominent government figures, the art monuments and even the royal mistresses and lovers.

Matveyev was buried next to his father in the St. Nikolai parish church in Moscow's Bely Gorod . The boyar Ivan Michailowitsch Miloslawski , who initiated the Streliz uprising in 1682, had already been buried in this church .

Matveev's second daughter from his first marriage Marija was considered the favorite of Peter I and married General Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev in 1720 . Their eldest son Pyotr eventually became a field marshal . Her second daughter Darja married Count FI Waldstein in her first marriage and Prince Yuri Nikititsch Trubezkoi in her second marriage . Her youngest daughter Praskovia was the friend of Catherine II and married Count James Bruce .

Web links

Commons : Andrei Artamonowitsch Matwejew  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Chronos: Андрей Артамонович Матвеев (accessed November 12, 2017).
  2. ↑ Министерство Иностранных Дел Российской Федерации: МАТВЕЕВ АНДРЕЙ АРТАМОНОВИЧ (accessed November 12, 2017).
  3. ↑ a b c d Russian diplomats: Андрей Артамонович Матвеев (accessed November 12, 2017).
  4. ↑ Восстание в Москве 1682 года: Сборник документов . Moscow 1976, p. 53 .
  5. ↑ Истории о невинном заточении ближняго боярина, Артемона Сергиевича Матвеева; Состоящая из челобитен, писанных им к царю и патриарху, также из писем к разным особам ,: С приобщением объявления о причинах его заточения и о возвращении из онаго . Университетская тип., Moscow 1785, p. 439-440 .
  6. ↑ a b Рождение империи . Moscow 1997, p. 423, 426 .
  7. ↑ Cracraft, James: The Revolution of Peter the Great . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2003, ISBN 0-674-01196-1 , pp. 73 ( Diplomatic and Bureaucratic Revolutions , accessed November 11, 2017).
  8. ↑ Charles Whitworth: О РОССИИ, КАКОЙ ОНА БЫЛА В 1710 ГОДУ (AN ACCOUNT OF RUSSIA AS IT WAS IN THE YEAR 1710) . Изд-во АН СССР, Moscow 1988 ( [1] accessed on November 11, 2017).
  9. ↑ Летопись Московского университета: Аргамаков Алексей Михайлович (accessed November 12, 2017).
  10. ↑ Дневник каммер-юнкера Берхгольца. Часть 2 . 2nd Edition. Moscow 1860, p. 100 .
  11. ↑ Шамин C. М .: К вопросу о частном интересе русских людей к иностранной прессе в России XVII столетия . In: Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики . tape 28 , no. 2 , 2007, p. 53-54 .
  12. ↑ Matwejew AA: ЗАПИСКИ (Описание с совершенным испытанием и подлинным известием о смутном времени , приключившемся от возмущения бывших московских стрельцов и к тому воровскому бунту от возмутителей сообщников их , в прошлом 1790 году, то есть лета Господня 1682, месяца мая в 15 день) . ( [2] accessed on November 12, 2017).
personal data
SURNAME Matveev, Andrei Artamonowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Матвеев, Андрей Артамонович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH August 25, 1666
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1728