Catopsis

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Catopsis
Catopsis berteroniana in the Sierra de Lema

Catopsis berteroniana in the Sierra de Lema

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae)
Subfamily : Tillandsioideae
Genre : Catopsis
Scientific name
Catopsis
Griseb.

The Catopsis are a genus of plants in the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). The 18 to 21 species have ranges from Florida to eastern Brazil and the Caribbean islands . Some species are used relatively rarely as ornamental plants .

The main differences between Catopsis species and the other genera of the Tillandsioideae are that they have asymmetrical sepals and differently shaped seed appendages.

description

Illustration of Catopsis sessiliflora

Catopsis species grow as perennial herbaceous plants, usually epiphytic or sometimes lithophytic . The leaves stand together in rosettes and form a leaf funnel. The simple, green leaves are often frosted white and chalky.

On a more or less long inflorescence stem stands a simple or compound inflorescence with mostly many flowers. The flowers, which are relatively small and relatively inconspicuous for the family, are more or less radial symmetry and threefold with a double flower envelope . Depending on the species, the flowers are hermaphroditic or, as a specialty in the subfamily Tillandsioideae, unisexual; if the flowers are unisexual, then the species are dioecious separately sexed ( diocesan ). The three sepals (sepals) are asymmetrical. There are two circles with three stamens each. The three free petals are relatively inconspicuous and yellow, white or greenish-white. Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown.

There are fruit capsules formed. The seeds have a crown of hair at their upper end, which is strongly folded in the capsule fruit.

Specialty

One of the species - Catopsis berteroniana - differs from the species in the genus in that it is considered precarnivorous. This means that it has some characteristics of a carnivorous plant. The prey (insects) drowns in the leaf funnels filled with water, but there is no digestion with enzymes (in contrast to the carnivorous plants ); the plant needs bacteria in the cistern water to help.

Leaf funnels and inflorescences with inconspicuous flowers of Catopsis sessiliflora ; The white, frosted, simple leaves are easy to see

Systematics

The genus Catopsis was established in 1864 by August Grisebach in Nachrichten von der Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften and by the Georg-Augusts-Universität , 1864, 10, p. 12 and separated from the genus Tillandsia . A synonym for Catopsis Griseb. is Pogospermum Brongn.

There are 18 to 21 species of Catopsis :

  • Catopsis berteroniana (Schultes f.) Mez (Syn .: Tillandsia pendula Thunb ex Gaertn f... , Tillandsia berteroniana Schult f.. , Catopsis mosenii Mez ): It grows epiphytic in woods in height positions from 0 to 1200 meters in Florida , on the Greater Antilles , from Mexico to the Guyanas and Brazil .
  • Catopsis compacta Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 400 to 2065 meters in Mexico.
  • Catopsis delicatula L.B.Sm. : It thrives at altitudes of about 670 meters in Guatemala only in Retalhuleu.
  • Catopsis floribunda L.B.Sm. : (Syn .: Catopsis montana L.B.Sm. ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes from 0 to 1490 meters in Florida, on Caribbean islands and in Venezuela .
  • Catopsis hahnii Baker (Syn .: Catopsis oerstediana Mez ): It thrives in pine-oak forests, deeper mountain forests and rainforests at altitudes of 400 to 2700 meters from Mexico via Guatemala , Belize , El Salvador , Honduras to Nicaragua .
  • Catopsis juncifolia Mez & Wercklé (Syn .: Catopsis lundelliana L.B.Sm. ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 150 to 700 meters in Central America .
  • Catopsis micrantha L.B.Sm. : It occurs in Panama .
  • Catopsis morreniana Mez (Syn .: Catopsis bakeri Mez , Catopsis brevifolia Mez & Wercklé , Catopsis paniculata hortus ex Gentil non E. Morren ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 20 to 1650 meters from Mexico to Central America.
  • Catopsis nitida (Hook.) Griseb. (Syn .: Tillandsia nitida Hook. , Catopsis inconspicua (Brongniart) Baker , Catopsis nutans Baker non (Swartz) Griseb. , Catopsis sessiliflora Broadway & LBSm. Non (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 300 to 1830 meters from Mexico to Central America and the Greater Antilles.
  • Catopsis nutans (Swartz) Griseb. : There are two varieties:
    • Catopsis nutans (Swartz) Griseb. var. nutans : It grows epiphytically in thickets or in sparse forests at altitudes of 25 to 1550 meters in Florida, on the Greater Antilles and Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador .
    • Catopsis nutans var. Robustior L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of 1400 to 1500 meters in Guatemala.
  • Catopsis paniculata E. Morren (Syn .: Catopsis pendula Baker , Catopsis mexicana L.B.Sm. ): It thrives in the mountains in pine-oak forests at altitudes of 1700 to 2350 meters in the Mexican states of Jalisco , México , Puebla and Vera Cruz .
  • Catopsis pedicellata L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in pine and oak forests at altitudes of 500 to 1500 meters in Guatemala only in Chiquimula.
  • Catopsis pisiformis Rauh : It thrives epiphytically at altitudes of about 900 meters in Panama only in El Valle de Anton.
  • Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (Syn .: Tillandsia sessiliflora Ruiz & Pav. , Tillandsia aloides Schltdl. & Cham. , Tillandsia apicroides Schltdl. & Cham. , Catopsis apicroides (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) Baker , Catopsis nutans Baker non ( Swartz) Griseb. , Catopsis vitellina Baker , Catopsis aloides (Schlechtendal & Chamisso) Baker , Catopsis nutans var. Erecta Wittm. , Catopsis modesta F.J.Müll. , Catopsis schindleri Mez & Wercklé ex Mez , Catopsis tenuis Cufod. , Catopsis var. Dessiliflorica LBSm. ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 2 to 1200 meters in Mexico and from the Caribbean islands to Brazil and Peru .
  • Catopsis subulata L.B.Sm. : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 1050 to 1600 meters from Mexico to Honduras .
  • Catopsis wangerinii Mez & Wercklé (Syn .: Catopsis pusilla Mez & Wercklé ex Mez , Catopsis cucullata L.B.Sm. , Catopsis triticea L.B.Sm. ): It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 1200 to 2000 meters from Mexico to Central America.
  • Catopsis wawranea Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of about 1400 meters from Mexico via Belize to Costa Rica .
  • Catopsis werckleana Mez : It thrives epiphytically in forests at altitudes of 140 to 1500 meters in Costa Rica only in Cartago.

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literature

  • Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture , Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3 Catopsis on pages 310 to 311.
  • Lyman B. Smith & RJ Downs: Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) , In: Flora Neotropica , Vol. 14, 2, 1977. Catopsis at p. 1366.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International. (PDF file; 314 kB)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u In "Species Index" click on Catopsis from Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 4 (2018 ). last viewed on August 16, 2018

Web links

Commons : Catopsis  - album with pictures, videos and audio files