Center national des indépendants et paysans
The Center national des indépendants et paysans ( CNI or CNIP for short ; "National Center for Independents and Peasants") is a conservative, economically liberal and EU-skeptical party of the moderate right in France . It was founded on January 6, 1949 as the Center national des indépendants and has had its current name since it was united with the Peasants' Party ( Parti paysan ) in 1951. Until 1962, it was one of the most important parties in the country with 90 to 120 members. Since then it has been a small party . Between 2002 and 2009 she was a corporate member of the Union pour un mouvement populaire (UMP) of Nicolas Sarkozy . The party chairman has been Bruno North since 2016 .
Personalities
The CNI provided the second president of René Coty and two prime ministers of the IV Republic, Antoine Pinay and Joseph Laniel . One of the outstanding MPs of the party in the National Assembly was the former Prime Minister of the III. Republic of Paul Reynaud .
history
Fourth republic
The predecessor of the CNI was the liberal center-right Alliance démocratique (AD), which was one of the most important parties of the Third Republic. Former AD member René Coty , then Vice-President of the Conseil de la République (second chamber of parliament of the Fourth Republic), founded the CNI on January 6, 1949, together with Roger Duchet and Jean Boivin-Champeaux. Domestically, she campaigned for an amnesty in favor of numerous collaborators convicted during the period of the “ puration ” immediately after the liberation . In terms of economic policy, she represented a rather liberal course directed against the dirigiste policies of socialists ( SFIO ), communists ( PCF ) and Christian democrats ( MRP ). In foreign policy she supported the European integration and NATO membership of France. With ministers such as Antoine Pinay and Raymond Marcellin , the party has been involved in the center governments of the Troisième Force coalition with SFIO, MRP and the social-liberal Parti radical since it was founded.
In the run-up to the parliamentary elections in 1951, the Parti républicain de la liberté (PRL; largest conservative party in the immediate post-war period and successor to the Fédération républicaine , led by Michel Clemenceau and Joseph Laniel ) and the peasant party Parti paysan d'union sociale merged with the CNI. The name et paysans was then added. In the election, 97 members of the CNIP were elected to the National Assembly. However, these were divided into two groups: Républicains indépendants (RI) and Center républicain d'action paysanne et sociale et des démocrates indépendants (CRAPS-DI). This was an expression of the character of the CNIP as a loose honorary party . It was not until 1954 that the party congress decided to introduce parliamentary voting discipline for decisions affecting government participation. The level of organization of the party was correspondingly weak. It did not have a mass base; its members were mostly local elected officials.
After the 1951 election, the CNIP formed center-right coalitions with the MRP and the Parti radical. The CNIP temporarily provided the Prime Minister: Antoine Pinay (March – December 1952) and Joseph Laniel (June 1953 – June 1954). CNIP founder René Coty was elected French President (the last of the Fourth Republic) in December 1953. After the parliamentary elections in 1956, the members of the CNIP joined together to form a parliamentary group, the Indépendants et paysans d'action sociale (IPAS), with 95 members. Subsequently, however, the party was in opposition to the center-left government of the Front républicain (socialists and radicals). From November 1957, the CNIP was again involved in the government coalition.
Fifth Republic
In 1958, the CNIP supported Charles de Gaulle's takeover and the establishment of the Fifth Republic . De Gaulle also accepted members of the CNIP into his government. After the parliamentary elections in December 1958, the IPAS faction had 107 full members and 10 associate members. The party split over the Algerian question and the vote of no confidence in the government of Georges Pompidou in October 1962. The CNIP also rejected the introduction of direct elections for the president initiated by de Gaulle. A group of CNIP MPs - including Raymond Marcellin , Jean de Broglie and Valéry Giscard d'Estaing - supported constitutional reform and the continuation of the coalition with the Gaullists under Georges Pompidou. From this split, the Républicains indépendants (RI) emerged as a new group .
In the elections on November 18 and 25, 1962, the CNIP lost most of its seats and the party has not played a significant role since then. In the first direct election of the president in 1965 , the CNIP supported the (unsuccessful) candidacy of the Christian Democrat Jean Lecanuet . In 1966, the CNIP participated with the remains of the Christian Democratic MRP, the Center démocrate (CD) under the leadership of Lecanuet. Before the parliamentary elections in 1967, the CNIP dropped out of the CD. In this election, the party lost all seats in the National Assembly. In the 1974 presidential election , the CNIP supported the successful candidacy of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (RI). It was not until 1978 that the CNIP returned to parliament in alliance with the bourgeois parties RPR and UDF with nine members.
Philippe Malaud was chairman of the party from 1980 to 1987. Under his leadership, it tried to achieve political importance through a kind of bridging function between the bourgeois-conservative parties RPR and UDF on the one hand and the right-wing extremists of the Front National on the other. In the 1986 parliamentary elections, which (unlike usual in France) were held according to proportional representation, candidates from the CNIP appeared on the lists of the Rassemblement National (Front National and Allies). Three members of the CNIP then sat in the Front national - Rassemblement national group , two were associated with the conservative RPR group. The party chairman Philippe Malaud was expelled from the party in December 1987 and founded the Fédération Nationale des Indépendants (FNI), which campaigned for an amalgamation of civil and extreme right. In the early parliamentary elections in 1988, only two CNIP MPs were elected. In the European elections in 1989 , two CNIP members entered the European Parliament via the center-right list of RPR and UDF. For the 1997 parliamentary election, the CNIP formed an alliance with the nationally conservative and EU-skeptical Mouvement pour la France (MPF) under the name La Droite Indépendante (“the independent right”), but could not win a seat.
In October 2002, the CNIP joined the center-right alliance party Union pour un mouvement populaire (UMP) as an associate party . In the 2007 presidential election , the party supported Nicolas Sarkozy of the UMP after a candidate of its own, the deputy party chairman Jean-Michel Jardry , failed to receive the required 500 signatures from MPs, senators, mayors and / or other officials. In June 2008, the CNIP terminated the association agreement with the UMP. The reason for this was growing differences: Sarkozy's government was not tough enough in its rejection of Turkey's accession to the EU and tried more to develop the so-called overture (with the participation of isolated socialist dissidents) than to strengthen the right-wing alliance. The CNI was unsuccessful with its own lists in the subsequent European elections on June 9, 2009.
Gilles Bourdouleix , mayor of the city of Cholet and member of the National Assembly of the Maine-et-Loire department in western France since 2002 , led the party from 2009 to 2015. In November 2010 she rejoined the Comité de liaison de la majorité présidentielle , the umbrella organization of the center-right parties allied with President Sarkozy and his UMP. Bourdouleix tried to run for the 2012 presidential election , but did not receive the necessary supporter signatures. Bourdouleix defended his mandate in the 2012 parliamentary election and joined the parliamentary group of the Union des démocrates et indépendants (UDI). The CNIP was an associate party of the UDI until 2013.
Bruno North was elected as the new party leader in January 2016. In the run-up to the 2017 presidential election , the CNIP took part in the primary election of the conservative Les Républicains and their allies. In the runoff election between Emmanuel Macron and Marine Le Pen , the party made no official election recommendation, but North spoke in favor of Le Pen from the National Front. Several CNIP association chairmen then left the party and switched to Chasse, pêche, nature, traditions (CPNT). In April 2018, the CNIP joined the right-wing conservative alliance Les amoureux de la France (“In love with France”) with Debout la France and Parti chrétien-démocrate .
credentials
- ↑ Européennes: Poisson dit qu'il sera en position éligible sur la liste de Dupont-Aignan. In: Le Figaro March 21, 2019.
- ^ Christine Pütz: Party change in France. Presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, pp. 109-110.
- ^ Christine Pütz: Party change in France. Presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, pp. 141-142.
- ^ Christine Pütz: Party change in France. Presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 144.
- ^ Christine Pütz: Party change in France. Presidential elections and parties between tradition and adaptation. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004, p. 150.
- ↑ L'Indépendance au sein de la majorité presidential Archived copy ( Memento of the original of May 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Cholet. Gilles Bourdouleix ne sera pas candidat à la présidentielle. In: Le Courrier de l'Ouest , March 16, 2012.
- ↑ Qui est derrière le CNIP, ce vieux parti de droite qui ne dit pas non à Marine Le Pen? In: Le Parisien , May 1, 2017.
- ↑ Plusieurs présidents you CNIP quittent le parti pour le CPNT. In: La Montagne , December 28, 2017.
- ^ Alexandre Sulzer: Ce que mijote la droite de la droite. In: L'Express , April 18, 2018.
