Château Théobon

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The castle on its hill

The Château de Théobon is a castle from the 14th century, which was converted into a residential palace in the 17th century . It is located on a hill ("pech") in the area of ​​the commune of Loubès-Bernac and allows a wide view in all directions.

history

The castle is mentioned in a document from 1327 in which Gaubert de Mayrac describes himself as the lord of Théobon. The feudal lordship remained in the family until the end of the 15th century. It passed through marriage to the Ségur, then to the Pierre-Buffière. From the 14th century castle, some windows, a closed arched window and three rectangular windows with prismatic cornices on the first floor in the hallway have been preserved.

At the end of the 16th century, the castle belonged to the Rochefort von Saint-Angel family. Charles I of Rochefort, baron of Saint-Angel and Chambon, landlord of Bellegarde, married Moreille de Châteauneuf, lady of Théobon, Baroness von Chabane, daughter of Louis of Châteauneuf, landlord of Pierre-Buffière and Isabeau von, on March 5, 1551 Ségur, lady of Génissac and Gaillat. From this marriage came two sons, the elder Louis was Baron von Saint-Angel, the younger Jean, also called Charles, was Baron von Théobon. His second son, Jean I of Rochefort, was Baron von Théobon, captal of Puychagut. He took part in the defense of Castillon in 1586 as a Protestant. He married on November 6, 1586 with Élisabeth von Royère, daughter of Jean von Royère, Lord of Moneins, and of Antoinette von Larmandie. He became Lord of Moneins and Courouneau through his marriage. He fought under the command of Marshal von Biron in 1595 against the Sacred League of Bourgogne . He was governor of Mâcon . After the Treaty of Vervins , he entered the service of Prince Maurice of Nassau and took part in the siege of Rheinberg in Flanders , where he was wounded and died in September 1606.

Charles II of Rochefort, Marquis of Théobon, Captal of Puychagut, was a pupil as a page in the house of Caumont-La Force. He had married on October 30, 1616 with Jeanne d'Escodéca von Boisse, daughter of Pierre von Escodéca von Boisse, Lord von Allemans-du-Dropt, Saussignac, and Marie von Ségur, Lady von Pardaillan. They had a son, Jean, who was born in 1619, and a daughter who converted in 1679 and received a pension of £ 4,000. He started with the regiment by committee on February 26, 1619 and resigned on June 2. He returned to Guyenne. The governor of Sainte-Foy-la-Grande served for the king in 1621. He revolted after the failure of the royal army during the siege of Montauban and foiled a plan by his father-in-law. He was accused of murdering his father-in-law, Pierre Escodeca de Boisse, in Gensac-la-Pallue . He was hired by the La Rochelle Congregation for his action in Sainte-Foy, but failed in an attempt to take the town of Bergerac . He was suspected by the residents of Sainte-Foy-la-Grande , who chased him away with the help of the Marquis of La Force. In 1622 he took part in the siege of Granges-sur-Lot with Lusignan. Then he retired to Tonneins . During this time he injured himself. In 1649 he called himself Marquis of Théobon. In 1649 the Parliament of Bordeaux was in revolt with the King and Cardinal Mazarin named Marquis of Lusignan, Théobon and of Aubeterre Lieutenant of the Marquis of Sauvebœuf, General of the Parliamentary Troops. They took control of the Château-Trompette on October 19, 1649. He was Lieutenant General in the Army of Condé in Guyenne during the Fronde in 1651. He was responsible for the defense of Villeneuve-d'Agenais against the Count of Harcourt, who in June 1652 began to seize the city. He was supposed to end the siege on August 9th. The Marquis of Théobon stayed in town for another year but could not raise the £ 6,000 for his troops. On August 13, 1653, the consuls of Villeneuve surrendered their fate to the Count of Vaillac, Jean-Paul Ricard of Gourdon of Genouillac. The Duke of Candale demanded that the city pay £ 30,000 to maintain the king's army. The Count of Théobon submitted to the king and contributed to the weakening of Bordeaux in 1653. In the same year he created the title of lieutenant general in the king's army. He made his will on December 13, 1658.

The castle was completely redesigned in the 17th century.

Jean II of Rochefort was born on June 9, 1619. He married on December 8, 1637 with Anne of Chaussade de La Mothe, Lady of Roquefère and Lespinassat, daughter of Bernard de La Mothe and Henrye of Alba of Panisseau. In this marriage, Charles Bordeaux de Rochefort, Lydie de Rochefort-Théobon, Marie Guyonne de Rochefort-Théobon and Françoise, known as Fräulein von Loubès, were born. His daughter Lydie de Rochefort-Théobon, born in 1638 in the same year as King Louis XIV , became Queen Marie-Thérèse's lady-in-waiting before 1670 . She became the king's mistress in 1670. This relationship lasted until 1672. Madame de Montespan had the decision to dismiss the ladies-in-waiting for the queen. She became Princess Palatine in 1673. The King took the Mademoiselle of Rochefort again as mistress in 1676. She married Charles von Harcourt, Count von Beuvron, brother of François III in 1678. von Harcourt, captain of the guard from Monsieur , brother of the king, who was widowed on September 29, 1688. With the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Lydie von Rochefort-Théobon converted to Catholicism . She died in Marly Castle on October 23, 1708.

The Rocheforts of Saint-Angel were Huguenots. Charles Bordeaux (or Charles III) celebrated Protestant services in the castle. On February 21, 1664 he married Marie Nompar von Caumont, daughter of François von Caumont, Marquis of Castelmoron, granddaughter of the Count of La Force, Jacques Nompar of Caumont. He had a daughter, Marie Guyonne of Rochefort-Théobon, lady-in-waiting to the Duchess of Berry , who married in 1704, Louis de Pons, lord of Saint-Maurice, Saussignac, Cazeneuve, master of the Duke of Berry's wardrobe. Protestant worship was banned in the castle in 1684. When he did not renounce his faith, he was thrown into the Bastille and his wife locked in a monastery. He remarried on September 15, 1695 with Marie Antoinette of Pons Saint-Maurice, sister of Louis of Pons Saint-Maurice, with whom he had two daughters, Marie, who did not marry, and Marie Guyonne of Rochefort-Théobon, who were married to Daniel-Marie Anne von Talleyrand-Périgord.

Marie Guyonne of Rochefort-Théobon married Daniel-Marie Anne de Talleyrand-Périgord, son of Gabriel von Talleyrand, Count of Grignols, Baron of Beauville, i.e. Marquis of Talleyrand, Count of Grignols, Baron Beauville in the 1725 marriage Family from Talleyrand-Périgord about. Her son, Gabriel-Marie von Talleyrand-Périgord, sold the castle in 1783 to von Brie von Teysson, captain of the regiment of Artois, knight of Saint-Louis. One of his daughters, married to M. Albert, transferred her inheritance, the castle, to her son A. Albert de Théobon.

The castle was rebuilt during the revolution. By order, the towers were torn down to the level of the residential building and the iron and copper were confiscated. The castle was abandoned in the 19th and 20th centuries, the windows closed and partitions removed. In 1924 the castle's most beautiful fireplace was sold, which is currently in the music salon of Harvard University . The castle was designated a historical monument on November 5, 1962 .

description

The castle has a large, rectangular courtyard in the middle. The main residential building is in the south. It currently has one floor, but originally there were two. A terrace was built on the south facade and a double staircase gives access to the park.

The facade has several types of windows, which show that there were several construction phases. The main entrance on the north side is surrounded by an ornamental ring accompanied by two simple pilasters . It appears that these were added later. On the wooden ceiling of the stairs you can still see paint remains: the fall of Icarus and the fall of Phaeton with the sun chariot. The paintings can also be seen in the great hall and the ladies' room. The staircase is a fine example of 17th century ironwork. The reception rooms received wood paneling during the 18th century.

The castle has two wings at right angles to the east and west. The wing traditionally had a tower at the north end. The west wing had a pavilion in the middle where the front door was. The two notches show that the castle entrance was via a drawbridge.

The courtyard is open to the north and forms a terrace, but a small building in the northwest corner suggests it should be a gallery, but it wasn't finished before it was destroyed.

literature

  • Paul Roudié: Château de Théobon. In: Congrès archéologique de France. 127e session. Agenais. 1969 Société française d'archéologie, Paris 1969, pp. 191–195.
  • Jean Burias (Ed.): Le guide des châteaux de France. Lot-et-Garonne. Hermé, Paris 1985 ', ISBN 978-2-866650094 , pp. 50-51.
  • Raymond Guinodie: Historie de Libourne et des autres villes et bourgs de son arrondissement. Volume 3. Henry Faye, Bordeaux 1845, p. 89 ( digitized ).
  • Jean-Pierre Babelon: Châteaux de France au siècle de la Renaissance . Flammarion, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-08-012062-X , pp. 771 .

Web links

Commons : Château de Théobon  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eugène Haag, Émile Haag: La France protestante . Ed .: Joël Cherbuliez libraire-. VIII ( nail - rose stem ). Paris 1858, p. 456–457 (French, bnf.fr ): “ou Vies des protestants français qui se sont fait un nom dans l'histoire depuis les premiers temps de la reformation jusqu'à la reconnaissance du principe de la liberté des cultes par l'Assemblée national; ouvrage précédé d'une Notice historique sur le protestantisme en France; suivi des Pièces justificatives et rédigé sur des documents en grande partie inédits »
  2. ↑ Raymond Guinodie, Histoire de Libourne et des autres villes et bourgs de son arrondissement , tome 1, pp. 177–178, chez Henry Faye imprimeur, Bordeaux, 1845 ( online ) ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 1886.u-bordeaux3.fr
  3. ↑ Raymond Guinodie, Histoire de Libourne et des autres villes et bourgs de son arrondissement , tome 2, p. 421, chez Henry Faye imprimeur, Bordeaux, 1845 ( online ) ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 1886.u-bordeaux3.fr
  4. ↑ Louis Couyba, Études sur la Fronde en Agenais et ses origines , p. 110, imprimerie Renaud Leygues, Villeneuve-sur-Lot, 1903 ( online )
  5. ↑ Adélaïde Édouard le Lièvre marquis de la Grange, Mémoires authentiques de Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force, maréchal de France, et ses deux fils, les marquis de Montpouillan et de Castelnau , tome IV, p. 371, Charpentier libraire- éditeur, Paris, 1843 ( online )
  6. ↑ Raymond Guinodie, Histoire de Libourne et des autres villes et bourgs de son arrondissement , tome 1, p. 219
  7. ↑ Alexandre Ducourneau, La Guienne historique et monumentale , tome premier, deuxième partie, p. 298, imprimerie F. Coudert, Bordeaux, 1842 ( online )
  8. ↑ Joseph Beaune, La fin de la Fronde à Villeneuve d'Agenois , pp. 511-517, année 1889, tome 16 ( online )
  9. ^ François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois , Dictionnaire De La Noblesse contenant les généalogies, l'histoire & la chronologie des maisons nobles de France , tome 7, p. 663, chez Antoine Boudet, paris, 1774 ( online )
  10. ↑ François-Alexandre Aubert de la Chesnaye des Bois, Dictionnaire de la noblesse, contenant les généalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des familles nobles de France , tome 11, p. 410, chez Antoine Boudet, Paris, 1776 ( online )
  11. ↑ Château de Théobon in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French).

Coordinates: 44 ° 44 ′ 22 ″  N , 0 ° 18 ′ 15 ″  E