Chanchito

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Chanchito
A brood-colored chanchito

A brood-colored chanchito

Systematics
Order : Cichliformes
Family : Cichlids (Cichlidae)
Subfamily : Cichlinae
Tribe : Heroini
Genre : Australoheros
Type : Chanchito
Scientific name
Australoheros facetus
( Jenyns , 1842)

The Chanchito or Chamaeleonbuntbarsch ( australoheros facetus , synonyms : Pomotis tetracanthus Cuvier, 1826 Chromis facetus Jenyns, 1842 Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns, 1842), Herichthys facetum (Jenyns, 1842), Heros autochthon Günther, 1862, Heros jenynsii Steindachner, 1869 Heros acaroides Hensel, 1870) was collected by Charles Darwin during his trip to South America with the HMS Beagle and scientifically described by Leonard Jenyns in 1842 as Chromis facetus . The type locality is a slightly brackish freshwater lake near Maldonado on the Río de la Plata in Uruguay .

features

The Chanchito is a relatively large cichlid from subtropical South America . The typical appearance of a cichlasomine cichlid is characteristic: the elongated, strong body looks "round", the unpaired fins are relatively large and dark brown and the body has strong vertical bands (two forehead stripes, two neck bands, six vertical bands, a pronounced tail-root point). The basic color varies between a light ocher yellow and olive green. Brood-caring specimens can show almost black stripes on a bright orange-red basic color. Aggressive chanchitos turn dark - up to a glossy deep black.

Fin formula : dorsal XI – XVII / 8–17, anal V – VII / 7–9

Systematics

With its sister species Australoheros autrani Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros barbosae Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros guarani Říčan & Kullander, 2008; Australoheros charrua Říčan & Kullander, 2008; Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros kaaygua Casciotta, Almirón & Gómez, 2006; Australoheros macacuensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros macaensis Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros minuano Říčan & Kullander, 2008; Australoheros muriae Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros paraibae Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros ribeirae Ottoni, Oyakawa & Costa, 2008; Australoheros robustus Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros saquarema Ottoni & Costa, 2008; Australoheros scitulus Říčan & Kullander, 2003; Australoheros taura Ottoni & Cheffe, 2009; Australoheros tembe (Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 1995), the Chanchito belongs to the genus Heroini and is assigned to the subfamily Cichlinae , to which all South and Central American cichlids belong. All representatives of this relatively uniform genus group are substrate spawners and practice brood care as a parent family .
The scientific name of the genus group refers to the close relationship to the cichlid genus Heros , which is native to tropical South America, and to the distribution on the American subcontinent ( australis = south). The species name gives the impression of the first person to describe it: facetus means "graceful".

distribution

In the subtropics of South America , from the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais along the Atlantic coastal waters to southern Uruguay . Chanchitos inhabit standing and flowing waters with significant seasonal temperature fluctuations (from over 30 ° C in summer to closed ice sheets in winter). On the coast they move far into the mouths of rivers, which allows them a high salinity tolerance .

For various reasons, the Chanchito has been very widespread around the world as a neozoon at least since the early 1930s . In Chile , the USA , the Philippines , Thailand and Singapore , the adulteration of the fauna goes back to sport fishing . Already before the Second World War , a deposit in Portugal , in the Rio Mira , was known. Recent studies confirm its distribution in Spain ( Rio Guadiana ) and, exposed by aquarium fish keepers, in some lakes in the Federal Republic of Germany ( Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia ).

ecology

Documented descriptions of the natural habitats come from the first half of the 20th century and refer to populations in Argentina . Chanchitos live in streams and rivers as well as in lakes, ponds and smaller ponds, which are often densely weed. Day / night temperature fluctuations of up to 25 ° C were found in the regions described. This species colonizes the flat and calm bank areas in flowing waters .

Chanchitos are in terms of their diet veritable generalists , the algae , higher aquatic plants , worms , clams , snails , insects and insect larvae, shrimp , crabs and other fish eat.

Importance to humans

In their homeland, chanchitos are common food fish and, because of their size (up to 30 centimeters) and strength, they are also popular angling fish. Their common name all over the world comes from Spanish and means piggy.

Chanchitos are also the first cichlids that were introduced to Europe ( France ) for aquaristics in 1889 . In 1894 a Mr. Kischner brought the first specimens from the catchment of the Río de la Plata to Germany (Berlin). In the same year, these wild-caught the increased in a large basin Zierfischzüchterei of Paul Matte in Berlin. The differentiation of the Australoheros facetus species group into 29 species described so far is due not least to the serious occupation with the distribution, morphology and behavioral biology of these cichlids by aquarium fish keepers.

swell

literature

  • Rícan, O. & SO Kullander (2006): Character- and tree-based deletion of species in the "Cichlsaoma" facetum group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) with the description of a new genus. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. research 44: 136-152.
  • Stawikowski, R. & U. Werner (1998): Die Buntbarsche Amerikas, Vol. 1. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-7270-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jenyns, L. (in Darwin 1842): The zoology of the voyage of HMS Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, RN, during the years 1832 to 1836. London: Smith, Elder, and Co. Issued in 4 parts. Fish, Voyage Beagle; i-xvi + pp. 1-172.
  2. ↑ Casciotta JR, Almirón, AE & SE Gómez (2006): A new species of Australoheros (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the río Iguazú basin, Argentina . Zool. Treatise (Dresden) 55: 77-83
  3. ↑ Rícan, O. & SO Kullander (2008): The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages. Zootaxa, Magnolia Press ISSN  1175-5334 (online edition): 1 - 52.
  4. ^ Ottoni, FP, Oyakawa, OT & WJEM Costa (2008): A new species of the genus Australoheros from the rio Ribeira do Iguape basin, Sao Paulo, Brazil (Labroidei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae) . Vertebrate Zool., 58 (1): 75-81
  5. ↑ Ottoni, FP & WJEM Costa. (2008): Taxonomic revision of the genus Australoheros Rícan & Kullander, 2006 (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with descriptions of nine new species from southeastern Brazil . Vertebrate Zool., 58 (2): 207-232.
  6. ↑ Říčan, O. & SO Kullander (2003): "Cichlasoma scitulum": a new species of cichlid fish from the Río de La Plata region in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay . Copeia (4): 794-802.
  7. ^ Ottoni, FP & MM Cheffe (2009): A new species of Australoheros from the upper rio das Antas, laguna dos Patos System, southern Brazil . Spixiana, 32 (1): 153-159.
  8. ↑ Casciotta, JR, Gómez, SE & NI Toresanni (1995): "Cichlasoma" tembe, a new cichlid species from the río Paraná, Argentina (Osteichthyes: Labroidei) . Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw. 6 (3): 193-200.
  9. ↑ Elvira, B. (1995): Native and exotic freshwater fishes in Spanish river basins. Freshwater Biology 33: 103-108
  10. ^ Elvira, B. & A. Almodovar (2001): Freshwater fish introductions in Spain: facts and figures at the beginning of the 21st century. Journal of Fish Biology 59 (Supplement A): 323-331
  11. ↑ Geiter, 0., S. Homma, R. Kinzelbach (2002): Inventory and evaluation of neozoa in Germany 2002. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Research Report 296 89 901/01 UBA-FB 000215. On behalf of the Federal Environment Agency ( Federal Environment Agency texts) 25 02 ISSN  0722-186X .
  12. ↑ Ribeiro, F., RL Orjuela, MF Magalhães & MJ Collares-Pereira (2007): Variability in feeding ecology of a South American cichlid: a reason for successful invasion in mediterranean-type rivers? Ecology of Freshwater Fish Volume 16 Issue 4, Pages 559 - 569.

Web links

Commons : Australoheros facetus  - collection of images, videos and audio files