Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor

Charles Alfred Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor (1922)

Charles Alfred Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor KCVO PC QC JP (born October 3, 1852 in West Holey , Berkshire , England , † June 30, 1941 in Henley-on-Thames , Oxfordshire , England) was a British lawyer and politician of the Conservative Party and later the Labor Party , which represented various constituencies as a member of the House of Commons for 14 years . In addition, he was active throughout his life in the Church of England and served from 1900 to 1941 as Vicar General of York Minster , the largest medieval church in England, and also as Vicar General of Canterbury Cathedral between 1902 and 1924 .

In 1914 he was raised to the hereditary nobility as Baron Parmoor and was a member of the House of Lords until his death in 1941 . 1924 and again from 1929 to 1931 he held the post of Lord President of the Council and thus became the secret Privy Council ( Privy Council ) before.

Life

Degree and lawyer

Cripps was the sixth of eleven children and the third son of the lawyer Henry William Cripps and his wife Julia Lawrence and grew up in the village of Hambleden in the county of Buckinghamshire on. After attending the prestigious elite Winchester College , he began studying at the New College of the University of Oxford , graduating in 1874 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA). He then worked from 1875 to 1881 as a fellow at the traditional St. John's College of Oxford University. A simultaneous postgraduate study at the New College in civil law, he finished in 1876 with a Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL) and also acquired a Master of Arts (MA) at New College in 1876 .

His legal training continued Cripps 1876 at the Bar Association ( Inns of Court ) where she received in 1877 his legal admission to the Bar of the Middle Temple . He then took up a position as a barrister in Marylebone , a borough of London , and continued to teach as a visiting professor at New College. For his legal services, he was appointed Crown Attorney (Queen's Counsel) in 1890 and established a law firm in the Chelsea district of London in 1891 . In 1893 he was also a so-called "Bencher" of the Middle Temple Bar Association, making him one of the most experienced lawyers in this bar association.

Member of the House of Commons and commitment to the Church of England

Charles Alfred Cripps in a cartoon by Spy in Vanity Fair magazine dated October 4, 1902

Cripps was elected on July 13, 1895 as a candidate of the Conservative Party for the first time to a member of the House of Commons and represented Stroud in this until his electoral defeat on October 1, 1900 . In addition, in 1895 he also became Attorney General of the then Prince of Wales , Crown Prince Albert Edward , and exercised this function as legal advisor to the subsequent heir to the throne of the British monarch , Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert and Prince Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David , until 1914. During his parliamentary membership in 1896 he also served as a member of the Committee for South Africa and as a member of the Royal Commission on Imperial and Local Taxation .

In addition to his legal and political work, Cripps was committed to the Church of England throughout his life and between 1900 and his death in 1941 acted as Vicar General and Chancellor of York Minster, the largest medieval church in England, and was thus the representative of the Archbishop of York when the latter was prevented from doing so . At the same time he held the office of Vicar General of Canterbury Cathedral from 1902 to 1924 , so that he was also the representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury when he was prevented from doing so . In addition, he was also chairman of the lay representatives of the Archdiocese of Canterbury (Canterbury House of Laity) .

In a by -election in the constituency of Stretford , Cripps was re-elected as a member of the lower house for the conservative Tories on February 26, 1901, but lost this mandate in the following general election on January 12, 1906 . For his services to the Prince of Wales, he was beaten Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1908 and from then on carried the suffix "Sir".

Re-election as member of the lower house and upper house member

In the general election of January 15, 1910 , Cripps was re-elected to the House of Commons for the Conservative Party and represented the Wycombe constituency until January 16, 1914 . At the same time he acted from 1910 to 1925 also as chairman of the Quarterly Court (Court of Quarter Sessions) of Buckinghamshire and was also the justice of the peace (Justice of the Peace) of this county.

By a letters patent from January 16, 1914, Cripps was raised as Baron Parmoor , of Frieth in the County of Buckingham , to the hereditary peerage and was thereby a member of the House of Lords until his death in 1941. In 1914 he was also a member of the Secret Privy Council ( Privy Council ) and a member of its Legal Committee. He also served as Treasurer of the Middle Temple Bar Association in 1917.

After the founding of the National Church Assembly of the Church of England, he became first chairman of the House of Laity in 1920 and held this office until 1924.

Lord President of the Council

In 1923 Baron Parmoor joined the Labor Party and was first appointed President of the Privy Council (Lord President of the Council) by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald on January 22, 1924 , and held this office until the end of MacDonald's tenure on November 3, 1924. During During this time he was also the British representative to the League of Nations in 1924 .

After the death of Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane on August 19, 1928, as Leader of the Labor Party in the House of Lords, he was chairman of the Labor Party parliamentary group in the House of Lords and held this position until his replacement by Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede 1931 out.

After Ramsay MacDonald was again Prime Minister on June 8, 1929, this Baron Parmoor again appointed Lord President of the Council. He held this post until the formation of the National Government on August 24, 1931 and was then replaced by Stanley Baldwin . At the same time he held from June 8, 1929 to August 24, 1931 also the office of leader of the government majority in the upper house ( Leader of the House of Lords ) . His successor in this capacity was then Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading .

Marriages and offspring

Well-known politician Sir Richard Stafford Cripps was the youngest son of Charles Alfred Cripps

Cripps has been married twice. His first marriage was on October 27, 1881, Theresa Potter, daughter of the lawyer and entrepreneur Richard Potter and sister of Catherine Courtney, Baroness Courtney of Penwith and Beatrice Webb . From this marriage there were four sons and one daughter.

The eldest son Alfred Henry Seddon Cripps also worked as a barrister and inherited the title of 2nd Baron Parmoor on his death on June 30, 1941 , whereby he also became a member of the House of Lords. His only daughter, Ruth Julia Cripps, was married to Alfred Charles Glyn Egerton, a Fellow of the Royal Society . His second eldest son, Frederick Heyworth Cripps, was a lawyer and Lieutenant Commander of the Reserve of the Royal Navy and succeeded him as 3rd Baron Parmoor on the death of his older brother, who died childless on March 12, 1977 , but died a few months later on October 5, 1977.

The third eldest son Leonard Harrison Cripps took part in the First World War as a major in the 4th Hussars and was mentioned twice in the war report for his services ( Mentioned in dispatches ) . He later worked as an entrepreneur and, among other things, from 1941 to 1946 was chairman of the board of the shipping company Elder Dempster & Company .

His fourth and youngest son was the well-known politician Richard Stafford Cripps , who represented the Labor Party as a member of the House of Commons for 19 years and was, among other things, Lord Seal Keeper , Minister of Aircraft Production, Minister of Commerce, Minister of Economics and Chancellor of the Exchequer .

After his first wife Theresa Potter died on May 22, 1893 at the age of 40, Cripps remained unmarried for 26 years before he married again on July 14, 1919 and Marian married Emily Ellis, the daughter of the mine owner John Edward Ellis , who represented the Liberal Party as a member of the House of Commons from 1885 until his death in 1910 and was Undersecretary of State in the Ministry for India between 1905 and 1907.

Web links

• Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor at the Hansard (English)
• Entry in Cracroft's Peerage
• Entry in Leigh Rayment Peerage
• Charles Alfred Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor on thepeerage.com , accessed August 19, 2015.

predecessor	Office	successor
New title created	Baron Parmoor 1914-1941	Alfred Cripps