Erlangen (ship, 1889)
-dadg.jpg) Drawing of the similar Solingen
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
.svg){kind=small}
The Erlangen of the German-Australian Steamship Company (DADG) in Hamburg was one of the seven ships that the shipping company acquired in 1889 as initial equipment. The ships supplied by six shipyards differed slightly and should also be able to transport around 200 emigrants to Australia with a carrying capacity of 3,500 tdw. The Erlangen , built by Blohm & Voss, was one of the three ships that were first ordered in Germany.
In 1894 Erlangen , which was on the way home, ran into the Maldives and could not be removed. It was the first loss of a DADG ship.
history
After the shipping company Rob. M. Sloman stopped their service to Australia in 1886, two groups in Hamburg planned to set up a direct service to Australia. In 1888 they joined forces and founded the German-Australian Steamship Company (DADG). Since considerable funds were available, seven new steamers could be ordered from German and English shipyards with a carrying capacity of 3,500 tons (tdw) for a liner service with monthly departures. The ships should run 10 knots and offer space for 200 tween deck passengers, mostly emigrants . Unfortunately, the delivery of the new ships, which should run from Hamburg to Australia every month from May 15, 1889, was delayed.
Only on July 24, 1889 did the first departure of a DADG ship from Hamburg via Antwerp through the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal to Sydney and Melbourne with the Elberfeld first delivered by Armstrong . This suffered two screw damages on the maiden voyage and only reached its destination 40 days late. The other ships were not all ready on time either, so that monthly departures could not be guaranteed until the end of 1889.
The missions of the Erlangen
The Erlangen , built by Blohm & Voss, was the third ship in the series to be delivered on October 12, 1889. Like the other ships, she was almost 100 m long, had a carrying capacity of over 3,500 dwt, space for 198 tween deck passengers and two masts and a chimney. The tween deck facility was dismantled and stowed away for the return voyage in order to have more cargo space. It was propelled by a triple expansion engine , for which two cylinder boilers produced the necessary steam and enabled a service speed of 10 knots. The two masts had auxiliary schooner sails. On October 17, 1899, she left Hamburg under Captain Emil Ohnsorg on her maiden voyage to Australia. In Antwerp, it took over another load from October 19 to 23 and then ran with 150 passengers through the Suez Canal to Adelaide , where it arrived on December 8. She reached Sydney on the 19th. On January 6, 1890, she began her return journey to Hamburg, where she arrived on March 7. The next trip started on April 2nd. With over 100 passengers and 4,000 tons of cargo, the Erlangen reached Australia in early June 1890. The third round trip began in Hamburg at the beginning of September and led on the outward journey via Patras , where 700 tons of dried fruits (raisins, figs and berries) were loaded. Also in Port Said , where the coal supply was replenished, another 100 tons of dried fruit came on board, which would find good sales because of the upcoming Christmas in Australia. At the end of November the ship reached Australia with 97 passengers.
On the return journey, the Erlangen ran to Queensland and through the Torres Strait to the Dutch East Indies and Singapore . Instructions from the ship's command led to an inspection by the survey ship Paluma . This winter, the DADG also used a charter ship for the first time, the Baumall . The ship belonged to the Hamburg steamship shipping company "Hansa", which, like the DADG, was significantly influenced by Carl Laeisz and whose service in Canada was suspended in winter. Another ship, the Stassfurt, was also ordered, which was enlarged by 500 t and would thus make better use of the existing freight possibilities and also open up the possibility of increasing the number of departures in the future.
After their return to Hamburg, the fourth departure of the Erlangen to Australia took place on April 2nd, 1891 , which was favored by good weather. Only the passage through the Suez Canal was hindered by a nine-hour sandstorm. One passenger died on board in the Mediterranean, but the remaining 77 had a very pleasant voyage and left the ship in Melbourne (37) and Sydney, which was reached on June 7th. Just eleven days later, the ship began its return journey to Hamburg via Singapore under its first captain, E. Ohnsorg . The following fifth round trip was similar to the third, as dried fruits were taken over again in Patras and Port Said on the journey that started on September 25th. After a severe storm in the Bay of Biscay , the ship narrowly escaped a hurricane in the Indian Ocean and then called for coal replenishment in Colombo . 101 passengers traveled from Europe to Adelaide (13), Melbourne (35) and Sydney (53), where the Erlangen arrived at the beginning of December.
The two trips in 1892 brought further changes. The first departure of the Erlangen almost ended in a disaster when the Erlangen was rammed by the German steamer Remus as it ran out on the Scheldt . She suffered serious damage to the stern at the level of the waterline and Captain Ohnsorg then approached Vlissingen for repairs. On April 10th she was able to continue her journey and now ran through the South Atlantic and through the Roaring Forties to Adelaide. Since 1891, the Suez Canal has been used less for cost reasons, as around 15,000 marks were saved on a trip around South Africa. On June 5, 1892, the Erlangen entered Sydney. On June 11, the return journey began with a load of various ores for London, Antwerp and Hamburg as well as 3,000 t of coal for Singapore, where the home load should then be supplemented. The second departure of the year took place on September 15 from Hamburg via Antwerp and Dartmouth because of a medical check with 2,800 tons of cargo without passengers around the Cape of Good Hope . The cholera epidemic in Hamburg was the cause of having no passengers and not walking through the Mediterranean, as the quarantine regulations would otherwise have significantly delayed the journey. On December 17, Erlangen , which had arrived three weeks earlier, left Sydney shortly after the sister ship Essen with a load of wool that was supplemented in Melbourne. The Erlangen overtook the Essen on the return journey and arrived in Hamburg two days before her.
Still under Captain Ohnsorg, the Erlangen left Antwerp on March 5, 1893 with 36 passengers and reached Adelaide on April 21. Favorable winds enabled a new record of 310 nm. The ship then arrived in Sydney on May 1st. The return journey started on May 10th via Queensland and Singapore. In July, the ship entered Colombo with propulsion problems. In order to be able to make repairs to the screw, a large part of the cargo in the rear cargo hold had to be temporarily unloaded.
After this voyage, Captain Max Hahn took over Erlangen , who had previously been Chief Officer on the Stassfurt under Captain Orgel. The voyage began on November 4, 1893 in Hamburg and the ship left Antwerp on November 11 with 28 passengers and 2,800 tons of cargo on board. Sydney was reached on January 12, 1894 via Adelaide and Melbourne. On January 26th, the ship began its return journey to Hamburg.
Loss of attainments
Erlangen left Hamburg on April 21, 1894 and ran via Antwerp, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (May 7) and Port Elizabeth (May 29) to Australia, where it arrived in Sydney at the end of June. Australia was left on July 9th to return to Hamburg via Singapore, where over 2,000 tons of coal were unloaded and replaced with new cargo. On August 20, 1894, the Erlangen stranded on the journey home at Gahaafaru Atoll in the Maldives ( 4 ° 44 ′ 10 " N , 73 ° 29 ′ 55" E, ). Large parts of the cargo could be salvaged from the severely damaged ship, but large parts were also damaged by the water ingress in the ship. Apparently the first total loss of the DADG did not claim any human life.
The DADG stopped transporting emigrants in 1894. The number of emigrants to Australia had also declined sharply since 1891 and the low capacity utilization of the ships made their use uneconomical. With a possible 200 passengers, the ships had an average occupancy of 91 people in 1890, which was only 54 in 1892. The Erlangen was a valued steamer because of her fast travel.
As a replacement for the Erlangen , the steamer Pickhuben of the friendly steamship shipping company "Hansa" was used as a pure freighter on September 14, 1894 . A replacement building was commissioned from the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft , which was to have a load capacity of 6,000 tons and which came into service in 1895 when Flensburg came into service. A second acquisition did not get the DADG going.
Fate of the DADG emigrant ships
| Launched in service |
Surname | tonnage | shipyard | fate |
| 28.05.1889 06.24.1889 |
Elberfeld | 2,709 GRT |
Armstrong construction no. 551 |
July 24, 1889 maiden voyage to Australia, February 22, 1894 sale to Hapag : Hercyna , 1905 sale to Russia: Lachta , 1918 to 1922 Finland, then Soviet Union, demolition in 1935 |
| 07/13/1889 09/10/1889 |
eat | 2,985 GRT |
FSG construction no. 106 |
July 19, 1907 sold to de Freitas : Austria , November 29, 1911 to DLL , delivered to Great Britain in April 1919, demolished in 1924 |
| 08.1889 19.10.1889 |
Solingen | 2,886 GRT |
Reiherstieg shipyard construction no. 373 |
stranded and lost on November 4, 1904 off German South West Africa |
| 09/23/1889 11/6/1889 |
Barmen | 2,711 GRT | Armstrong construction no. 552 |
May 17, 1894 sale to Hapag: Bolivia , August 1918 sale to Bugsier : Schwinge , delivered to Great Britain in April 1919, returned to Bugsier: Ems in 1921, demolished in 1924 |
| 11.1889 December 6, 1889 |
Chemnitz | 2,791 GRT |
Stephen construction no. 352 |
June 1906 sold to Lihn & Co in Chile , then Enrique Lihn , demolished in 1911 |
| 09.1889 18.12.1889 |
Summer field | 2,660 GRT |
Connell construction no. 161 |
June 18, 1906 sale to de Freitas: Roma , March 4, 1911 to DLL, delivered to Great Britain in April 1919, buyback by Emil R. Retzlaff in 1921 : Erda , launched in January 1931, canceled in 1933 |
| 10/24/1891 11/20/1891 |
Stassfurt | 3,342 GRT | Blohm & Voss building no. 85 |
February 9, 1906 Sale to DLL: Chios , Sunk in the Bay of Biscay on December 21, 1911 |
literature
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping, Volume I, The Pioneering Years from 1850 to 1890 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 18
- Otto J. Seiler: Trip to Australia . Verlag ESMittler & Sohn, Herford 1988, ISBN 3-8132-0270-4 .
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Wreck at the Maldive Islands. The German-Australian Liner Erlangen .
- ↑ Kludas, Vol. I, pp. 180 ff., A failed attempt .
- ↑ Seiler, p. 52.
- ↑ Kludas, Vol. I, pp. 180f.
- ^ The new steamer Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, December 13, 1889.
- ^ The Erlangen , the third of the German-Australian line Sydney Morning Herald, December 20, 1889.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, June 9, 1890.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, November 28, 1890.
- ^ The SS Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, June 8, 1891.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, December 7, 1891.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, June 6, 1892.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, November 24, 1892.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, May 2, 1893.
- ^ The accident of the Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, July 13, 1893.
- ^ The Erlangen Sydney Morning Herald, January 11, 1894.
- ^ Wreck of Erlangen and Wreck at the Maldive Islands. The German-Australian liner Erlangen . Reported a total loss Sydney Morning Herald, September 4, 1894.
- ↑ Shipping Casualities Sydney Morning Herald, November 17, 1894.
- ↑ Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon, 14th edition, 1908 EMIGRATION.
- ↑ Kludas, Vol. I, p. 181.
- ↑ According to Kludas, p. 184.