Versatile goosefoot

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Versatile goosefoot
Polystyrene Goosefoot (Lipandra polysperma)

Polystyrene Goosefoot ( Lipandra polysperma )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Lipandra
Type : Versatile goosefoot
Scientific name of the  genus
Lipandra
Moq.
Scientific name of the  species
Lipandra polysperma
( L. ) S. Fuentes , Uotila & Borsch

The many-seeded goosefoot ( Lipandra polysperma , Syn .: Chenopodium polyspermum ) is the only plant species of the genus Lipandra within the family of the foxtail plants (Amaranthaceae). It is widespread in Europe , Western Asia, and a neophyte in North America .

description

Illustration from storm
Herbarium evidence
inflorescence
Infructescence and leaves
Fruit cluster
fruit

Vegetative characteristics

The many-seeded goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of growth of 8 to usually 15 to 60, rarely up to 100 centimeters. The square stem is often reddish. The stems can grow upright as well as prostrate to ascending and are often branched from the base of the stem, mostly strong and expansive. The above-ground, light or dark green parts of the plant are neither hairy nor floury and almost odorless and not smelly. In autumn the whole plant is often colored red. The roots reach up to 85 centimeters deep.

The bottom leaves are opposite and the top alternate . The leaves are clearly stalked. The simple leaf blade is 4 to 8 (3 to 10) centimeters long and 2 to 4 (1.5 to 6) centimeters wide, ovoid-rhombic to elongated-elliptical-ovoid with a rounded upper end. The leaf blades of the many-seeded goosefoot are in contrast to those of most other goosefoot species completely entire. The leaf margin is often reddish. The leaves often have a fresh green to yellowish green color at the beginning, later they are often more or less red in color.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is mainly in midsummer and ranges from June to August or September. The terminal and lateral annual inflorescences consist of spherical partial inflorescences , each containing several flowers. The greenish to reddish flowers are hermaphroditic or purely feminine. The seldom four or mostly five skin-fringed and uncut bloom cladding sheets are only fused at their base. One to three, rarely up to five stamens are present in hermaphrodite flowers . The ovary bears two scars.

The reddish brown to dark brown nut fruits are about 1 millimeter wide and visible in the open perigone that remains unchanged at the time of fruiting . The pod is membranous. The horizontally standing seed is rounded to flat-spherical. The brown to black seed coat is grooved and finely dotted with pits.

The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there is diploidy with a chromosome number of 2n = 18.

ecology

The many-seeded goosefoot is a hygromorphic therophyte .

The pollination is carried by the wind.

The diaspores spread through water or wind.

Occurrence

The many-seeded goosefoot occurs in Europe and the temperate areas of Western Asia . He is a neophyte in various areas of North America .

The multi-seeded goose foot grows in Central Europe in nutrient-rich, not too dry locations, for example on the banks of slowly flowing or stagnant eutrophic waters. There it is one of the character types of the plant communities of the knotweed bank corridor societies ( Polygono-Chenopodietalia ), especially the Chenopodio-Oxalidetum fontanae and the two-tooth pond bank societies ( Bidentetalia tripartitae ), from the Chenopodion rubri association.

It can also be found, for example, in fields that are not too dry, in fresh ruderal areas or as a " weed " in gardens.

Systematics

It was first published as Chenopodium polyspermum in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . After molecular genetic studies, Fuentes-Bazan et al. In 2012 this species was removed from the genus Chenopodium and reactivated the genus Lipandra with the new combination to Lipandra polysperma (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch . The specific epithet polyspermum means many-seeded. The generic name Lipandra is made up of the words liparos for shiny and andros for man.

The accepted generic name is Lipandra , which was first published by Alfred Moquin-Tandon in 1840 in Chenopodearum monographica enumeratio , p. 19 and Oliganthera Less. Replaced in 1835 as it is a homonym of the earlier published name Oligandra Less. 1832 acts. Other synonyms of the generic name Lipandra Moq. are: Gandriloa Steud. nom. illeg., Oliganthera Endl. nom. illeg., Chenopodium [no rank] Polysperma Standl. and Chenopodium subsect. Polysperma (Standl.) Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants .

Synonyms for Lipandra polysperma (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch , which are based on the same type specimen , are Chenopodium polyspermum L. , Atriplex polysperma (L.) Crantz and Vulvaria polysperma (L.) Bubani . The synonyms Anserina betifolia Montandon , Chenopodium acutifolium Sm. , Chenopodium acutifolium Kit are based on other type specimens . nom illegit., Chenopodium angustifolium Gilib. , Chenopodium bisaeriale Menyh. , Chenopodium marginatum Spreng. ex Hornem. , Chenopodium polispermum Neck. , Chenopodium polyspermum var. Acutifolium (Sm.) Gaudin , Chenopodium polyspermum var. Spicatum A. Gray , Lipandra atriplicoides (Less.) Moq. and Oligandra atriplicoides Less .

The genus Lipandra belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily Chenopodioideae within the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae).

use

The seeds of the many-seeded goosefoot were previously used as an attractant in fishing. This is why it is sometimes called fish goosefoot or Fischmelde .

Common names

The other German-language trivial names exist or existed for the Vielsamigen Gänsefuß : Fischmelden, Maier, Stauderich ( Frankfurt an der Oder ) and Vielsamen ( East Prussia ).

swell

  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
  • Siegfried Danert: Urania plant kingdom . The great color encyclopedia: flowering plants 1. Urania, Leipzig 1993, ISBN 3-332-00496-4 .
  • Dietmar Brandes: Bidentetea companies. Internet publication , accessed December 6, 2011.
  • J. Gasquez (Ed.), J.-P. Lonchamp: HYpermédia pour la Protection des Plantes - Adventices - Chenopodium polyspermum. 2000, Internet publication , accessed December 6, 2011.
  • Joachim Schmitz: Schmitzens botany page. Rhenish plant communities. Danube knotweed bank corridor, Chenopodio-Polygonetum bittringeri <sic!>. 2004, Internet publication , accessed December 6, 2011.
  • United States Department for Agriculture (Ed.): Plants Profile: Chenopodium polyspermum L. var. Obtusifolium Gaudich. USDA Internet publication , accessed December 6, 2011.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Chenopodiaceae / Chenopodium polyspermum - Vielsamen-Gänsefuß / Fisch-Gänsefuß / Fischmelde - data sheet with photos at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich, Liechtenstein and Südtirol , 2011 , last accessed on September 14, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Chenopodium polyspermum L., Vielsamiger Gänsefuß. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ^ A b Lipandra polysperma in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  344 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Susy Fuentes-Bazan, Pertti Uotila, Thomas Borsch: A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for Chenopodium sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia , Volume 42, 2012, p. 14. DOI: 10.3372 / wi.42.42101
  6. ↑ Chenopodium polyspermum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 220, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D220%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  8. ^ Lipandra polysperma at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 14, 2017.
  9. ^ Lipandra at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Palestine . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  10. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 92 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Versatile goosefoot ( Lipandra polysperma )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files