China rose

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China rose
Chinese rose 'Old Blush'

Chinese rose 'Old Blush'

group China roses
known since around 1789 (in Europe)
List of rose varieties

The China rose is one of the oldest garden roses . It is an old rose with a history that goes back thousands of years, but it cannot be precisely dated. Written evidence of its use as an ornamental plant can be found in the Chinese philosopher Confucius , who reported about rose planting in the imperial gardens in Beijing as early as 500 BC .

origin

The China rose was spread to Arabia , India and Singapore via the Silk Road and other trade routes and came to Europe at the end of the 18th century . Due to the import route via the East India trading companies , it was also misleadingly referred to as Rosa indica . However, it is not a wild rose , but a class of garden roses that have been cultivated for a long time, which is believed to have originated as descendants of Rosa chinensis with Rosa gigantea ( Rosa × odorata ( Andrews ) Sweet ) and presumably cluster rose ( Rosa multiflora ) and other wild roses . Their ability to bloom more often, their colors and their typical tea rose scent have enriched the cultivation of garden roses ever since.

By crossing the European garden roses with the China roses, the groups of Portland roses , Noisette roses , Bourbon roses , Remontant roses and tea roses were created .

In addition to the positive factors mentioned, unfavorable properties such as lack of frost resistance and weakly scented or odorless flowers were inherited. Another disadvantage is that the Chinese roses and their descendants require annual pruning.

Historic varieties

'Slater's Crimson China' (Rosa chinensis var. Semperflorens)

The variety 'Old Blush', synonymous with 'Monthly Rose', 'Pallida', 'Parson's Pink China' was brought to Europe around 1790. It blooms from June to winter, which is why it was used for many crosses. According to a press release dated April 30, 2018, the DNA of Old Blush has been completely deciphered by a French research team.

The ' Viridiflora ' variety is a curiosity . In this "green rose", all parts of the flower have been converted into organs that carry out photosynthesis . It was created spontaneously through mutation from the 'Old Blush' variety.

  • approx. 1790: 'Old Blush', pink (world rose)
  • 1792: 'Slater's Crimson China' (Rosa chinensis var.semperflorens), cherry red
  • 1808: 'Hume's Blush Tea-scented China', pale pink
  • 1824: 'Parks' Yellow Tea-scented China', yellow
  • 1879: 'Little White Pet', double white flowers
  • 1880: 'Cécile Brunner', pale pink ( world rose )
  • 1884: 'Perle d'Or', orange-yellow
  • 1932: 'Mutabilis', flowers change color from yellow to pink to crimson-crimson

  • 'Hume's Blush Tea-scented China'

  • 'Mutabilis'

China hybrids

By crossing the more frequently blooming China roses with the once blooming European roses the group of the so-called China hybrids arose at the beginning of the 19th century; these bloom only once in early summer because the corresponding genes of the old roses are dominant. The variety 'Brown's Superb Blush', which was crossed in England in 1815, is known. Other varieties that came onto the market at that time were forgotten. It was only through the cross-breeding of the Chinese hybrids that the first, frequent-flowering varieties emerged, which then established the new classes .

literature

  • Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best types and varieties for the garden , Stuttgart: Ulmer 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1 , page 70
  • David Austin: English Roses - Tradition and Beauty. Dumont, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-7701-3267-X , page 14

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ute Bauer: Old roses: history, use, design, care practice , p. 14, FSVO: Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16713-2
  2. ↑ 'The Rosa genome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses'

Web links

Commons : China-Rosen  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files