China's go-west strategy
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The Go-West-Strategy (in some cases also Go-West-Campaign ) is a strategy of the Chinese government , which aims at the "great development of West China" ( Chinese 西部 大 开发 , Pinyin Xībù Dàkāifā ) and a multitude of funding programs at different levels as well as projects within the framework of the respective 5-year plan.
The West China Provinces
Under western China the following 12 provinces, cities and autonomous regions are summarized: Sichuan , Chongqing , Guizhou , Yunnan , Guangxi , Tibet , Shaanxi , Gansu , Qinghai , Ningxia , Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia . Around 400 million people (28.8% of the total population) live in this region on an area of 6.85 million square kilometers, that is 71.1% of the total area of China, the gross domestic product in 2007 was 1,665.5 billion yuan, i.e. 17, 1% of China's total GDP.
The western areas have rich natural resources. The energy and mineral resources in the western areas are also considerable: hydropower, oil and natural gas, coal, rare and non-ferrous metals, potassium and phosphorus. Among the explored reserves, the coal deposits in the western regions account for 36% of the national deposits, for crude oil it is 12%, for natural gas 53% and in the hydropower sector even 82.5%.
Due to the natural conditions, history and some social factors, development in western China was very slow; the region is relatively backward. The majority of the very poor people in China live in this region. In addition to the Han Chinese , a total of 51 national minorities live in the western regions. This makes western China the area with the most concentrated settlement by national minorities in the country .
The most important centers of the development of western China are:
- Northwest China: Xi'an (Shaanxi)
- Central West China : Chengdu (Sichuan) and Chongqing
- Southwest China: Kunming (Yunnan) and Nanning (Guangxi)
The Chinese government's go-west strategy
In June 1999, Jiang Zemin , General Secretary of the CPC , presented the concept of accelerated development of Western China, whereby domestic and foreign capital and skilled workers were drawn on to develop Western China primarily through political measures and targeted the coordinated development of the population, resources and the environment as well as the economy and society in this area. By the middle of the 21st century, western China is to be modernized more intensively, so that the regional differences that still exist at present are reduced.
The "Communication on Policies for Implementing the Development of Western China", published in December 2000 by the State Council of the PRC , includes the following main contents: accelerated infrastructure construction, increased protection of the environment and its rehabilitation, development of science, technology, education, culture and health care . More financial resources are being made available for this, and political measures are being taken to improve the investment environment and to expand internal and external openness, including benefits for foreign investments, tax breaks, etc.
According to initial estimates, the regional gross domestic product of western China recorded growth of 12.4% in 2008 compared to the previous year, which was 0.7% above the average for all regions and 1.2% above the growth in the eastern areas. Exports increased by 35.8% compared to the previous year, the rates of increase were 18% above the national average.
Increased support for the development of western China is intended to ensure that the conditions for the transition to "small prosperity" are created in 2020 in the western regions - just as in the entire country.
On February 15, 2009, a conference was held in Yunnan to evaluate the results of the German-Chinese cooperation projects of the Office for the Development of Western China at the Commission for Development and Reforms and the German Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). There has been cooperation between GTZ and western China for 26 years, which is to be continued, especially with a view to the 10th anniversary of the program to open up the western regions.
Regional economic zones
As part of the Go-West strategy, the following regional economic zones are to be primarily developed in the coming years:
- Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone in northwest China (Xi'an and Xianyang in Shaanxi Province and Tianshui in Gansu Province)
- Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone in central-west China
- Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in southwest China
Key projects
The most important key projects include:
- Securing the drinking water supply for 53 million inhabitants in the rural regions of the west by 2013. This was completely done by 2015.
- Expansion of traffic routes (roads, express train connections, airports)
- environmental Protection
- Renewable energies (solar, wind and water energy)
- At the Mekong in Yunnan province one arises cascade of eight dams km along a stretch of 800th
- Settlement of foreign investments
- Expansion of research centers
Individual evidence
- ^ Tan Yingzi: West China still struggling ( English ) China Daily . July 14, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ↑ 三大 增长 极 引领 西部 新 一轮 发展 ( Chinese ) Xinhua . June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
- ↑ Liang Chao: China continues to improve water supply in the west ( English ) China Daily . November 25, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
- ↑ Probe International August 1, 2008 The Hydrolancang cascade
Web links
- Official web portal for developing western China
- The Chinese government's go-west strategy - opportunities for the German economy? (PDF file), study by Roland Berger Strategy Consultants on behalf of the BMWT (status: October 2009)