Quinoline yellow

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Structural formula
Quinoline yellow
Mixture of substances: n = 2 (main component)
n = 1, 3 (secondary components)
General
Surname Quinoline yellow
other names
  • Disodium 2- (2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione disulfonate (main component)
  • Disodium 2- (1,3-dioxoinden-2-yl) -quinoline-6,8-disulfonate
  • Quinophthalone disulfonic acid disodium salt
  • Quinoline Yellow S
  • E  104
  • Acid Yellow 3
  • CI Food Yellow 13
  • CI 47005
  • Quinoline Yellow
Molecular formula C 18 H 9 NNa 2 O 8 S 2 (main component)
Brief description

yellow to orange powder

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 8004-92-0
EC number 616-849-0
ECHA InfoCard 100.116.526
PubChem 24671
ChemSpider 23070
Wikidata Q420123
properties
Molar mass 477.41 g mol −1 (main component)
Physical state

firmly

solubility

moderate in water (225 g l −1 at 25 ° C)

safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
07 - Warning

Caution

H and P phrases H: 302
P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data

2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

As Chinolingelb a mixture of different yellow, water is quinophthalone referred. It is used as a food dye use and, for example, often on packaging with the E number E104 abbreviated.

composition

The main component (at least 80%) of the mixture is the disodium salt of the disulfonate of 2- (2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione. According to the specification for food coloring, it may also contain the sodium salt of monosulfonate (maximum 15%) and the sodium salt of trisulfonate (maximum 7%) as well as sodium chloride and / or sodium sulfate as colorless components.

The UV / VIS absorption spectrum shows a maximum at 289 nm (0.001% in buffer, pH 5) and approx. 412 nm.

Extraction and presentation

Quinoline yellow is produced by sulfonating 2- (2-quinolyl) indane-1,3-dione, which in turn is accessible through a condensation of the starting materials quinaldine and phthalic anhydride .

use

Quinoline yellow is only approved in the EU for certain foods and in small quantities as a food coloring .

It is, for beverages showerheads , candy , jello , desserts, ice cream art, lozenges, chewing gum and smoked fish and used for medicines.

Quinoline yellow is also one of the two substances that is used together with indigotine (E132) to produce green varnish .

Health aspects

Although the main body of quinoline can promote tumors , no carcinogenic effects of quinoline yellow have been found in studies.

With appropriately disposed people - d. H. People who generally react sensitively to food additives ( e.g. allergy sufferers , neurodermatitis patients, etc.) - a connection between the triggering of pseudoallergies and hyperactive behavior similar to an attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is suspected.

Legal Aspects

Since October 20, 2010, foods containing the color quinoline yellow must bear the warning “May impair activity and attention in children” in accordance with an EU regulation from 2008.

On June 1, 2013, the permitted daily dose was reduced from the previous maximum of 10 mg / kg body weight to 0.5 mg / kg body weight. This was based on a reassessment by EFSA in 2009.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on E 104: Quinoline Yellow in the European database on food additives, accessed on June 16, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b Data sheet quinoline yellow from Acros, accessed on February 22, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b c Data sheet Quinoline Yellow from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 22, 2011 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ Entry on quinoline yellow in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
  5. ↑ Directive 2008/128 / EC of the Commission of December 22, 2008 laying down specific purity criteria for food colors (PDF), accessed on December 12, 2010. , p. 5.
  6. ↑ a b entry on quinoline yellow. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on November 12, 2014.
  7. ↑ ZZulV : Annex 1 (to Section 3, Paragraph 1 and Section 7): Additives that are approved for coloring foods or for achieving color effects on foods .
  8. ↑ K. Hirao, Y. Shinohara, H. Tsuda, S. Fukushima, M. Takahashi, N. Ito: Carcinogenic Activity of Quinoline on Rat Liver , in: Cancer Res. 1976, 36 , 329-335.
  9. ↑ Y. Shinohara, T. Ogiso, M. Hananouchi, K. Nakanishi, T. Yoshimura, N. Ito: Effect of various Factors on the Induction of Liver Tumors in Animals by Quinoline , in: GANN 1977, 68 , 785-796 .
  10. ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 2008 on food additives (PDF) .
  11. ↑ Food Monitor: Controversial colors in food are drastically restricted. May 8, 2013, accessed May 31, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Scientific report on the re-evaluation of quinoline yellow (E 104) as a food additive .