List of eminent biologists
The list of important biologists names women and men who have directly or indirectly made a significant contribution to knowledge about biology (period: ancient , medieval and modern times ). This is not only to biologists in the modern sense, that is, individuals with an academic training in biology sciences (disciplines emerged only in modern times), but also to people who are another academic career - often the medical - smashing and also deal scientifically with living nature .
list
The list contains the following information:
- the name
- (the dates in brackets)
- the nationality and the profession
- (possibly a special feature in brackets)
A.
- John Jacob Abel (1857–1938), American medic and pharmacologist
- Othenio Abel (1875–1946), Austrian paleontologist and evolutionary biologist (founder of paleobiology )
- Cristóbal Acosta (1525 – ≈1594), Portuguese doctor ("Pliny of the New World")
- José de Acosta (around 1540–1600), Spanish Jesuit missionary
- Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French botanist
- Claudius Aelianus (around 170-240), Roman writer and compiler
- Carl Adolf Agardh (1785-1859), Swedish botanist
- Louis Agassiz (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist and geologist
- Nicolas Ager (1568–1634), French botanist
- William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1163–1231), Byzantine doctor and teacher
- Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522–1605), Italian medic (founded one of the first botanical gardens)
- Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
- Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), English naturalist
- Salim Ali (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist
- Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), American ornithologist and systematist
- Jaume Almera i Comas (1845 – after 1889), Spanish natural historian (pioneer of the paleontology course )
- Claes Alströmmer (1736–1794), Swedish botanist
- Bernard Altum (1824–1900), German zoologist, forest scientist and ornithologist
- Janaki Ammal (1897–1984), Indian botanist and cytologist
- Nils Johan Andersson (1821–1880), Swedish botanist
- Aratos von Soloi (approx. 310 - 245 BC), Greek philosopher and poet
- Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist
- Aristotle (384–322 BC), Greek philosopher and polymath
- Jürgen Aschoff (1913–1998), German physiologist (co-founder of chronobiology )
- Oswald Theodore Avery (1877–1955), Canadian medic (co-founder of modern molecular genetics )
- Victor Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist
- John James Audubon (1785-1851), American ornithologist
B.
- Churchill Babington (1821–1889), British archaeologist and conchologist
- Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), Estonian naturalist (Humboldt of the North)
- Gerard Baerends (1916–1999), Dutch behavioral scientist
- Joseph Banks (1743-1820), English botanist
- Rupert Charles Barneby (1911-2000), American botanist
- Joachim Barrande (1799–1883), French paleontologist, geologist and engineer
- Wilhelm Barthlott (* 1946), German botanist
- John Bartram (1699–1777), American botanist
- William Bartram (1739-1823), American naturalist
- Anton de Bary (1831–1888), German botanist (introduced the term " symbiosis " into biology)
- Ferdinando Bassi (1710–1774), Italian botanist
- Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892), British biologist ( Batesche mimicry )
- William Bateson (1861–1926), British geneticist, coined the term genetics
- August Batsch (1761–1802), German physician and natural scientist (botanist and parasitologist)
- Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist
- Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist, forest scientist and ornithologist
- David Bellamy (1933-2019), English botanist
- George Bentham (1800-1884), English botanist
- Theodor Bilharz (1825–1862), German physician and natural scientist
- Hildegard von Bingen (1098–1179), German abbess
- Patrick Blanc (* 1953), French botanist at the CNRS and horticultural artist
- Hieronymus Bock (1498–1554), German physician (one of the "fathers of botany")
- Jochen Bockemühl (* 1928), anthroposophical ecologist and botanist
- Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896), German physician (founder of electrophysiology )
- Louis Bolk (1866–1930), Dutch medic and anatomist (influential theory on hominization )
- Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), French natural philosopher
- Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858), French botanist
- Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian biologist and immunologist
- Alexander Braun (1805–1877), German botanist
- Josias Braun-Blanquet (1884–1980), Swiss botanist and founder of plant sociology
- Julius Oscar Brefeld (1839–1925), German botanist
- Alfred Brehm (1829-1884), German zoologist (best-known work by Brehm's Animal Life )
- Sydney Brenner (1927–2019), South African developmental biologist (Nobel Prize winner)
- Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), North American geologist and botanist
- Adolphe Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist
- Martin Brookes (* 1967), English biologist and author
- Robert Brown (1773-1858), Scottish botanist
- Otto Brunfels (1488–1534), German theologian and botanist
- Adolf Bückmann (1900–1993), German zoologist and fisheries scientist
- Comte De Buffon (1707–1788), French naturalist
- Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American biologist, plant breeder
- Hans Burgeff (1883–1976), German botanist
C.
- Aimo Kaarlo Cajander (1879–1943), Finnish forest botanist and plant sociologist
- Sean B. Carroll (* 1960), American molecular biologist, geneticist and evolutionary biologist
- Rachel Carson (1907–1964), American biologist (author of Silent Spring )
- George Washington Carver (1860–1943), American botanist
- Robert Chambers (1802-1871)
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838),
- Domenico Cirillo (1739–1799), Italian physician, entomologist, botanist and patriot
- John Clayton (1694–1773), British-American botanist
- Carolus Clusius (1526–1609), Dutch scholar, doctor and botanist
- Carl Correns (1864–1933), German botanist and geneticist
- Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer
- Francis Crick (1916-2004), English physicist, biochemist (deciphering the structure of DNA )
- Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654)
- Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), French naturalist, (founder of comparative anatomy )
D.
- Andreas Dahl (1751–1789), Swedish botanist and physician (namesake for the dahlia)
- Friedrich Dahl (1856–1929), German zoologist
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist (research trips, theory of evolution )
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles Darwin
- Heinrich Dathe (1910–1991), zoologist and director of the Berlin Zoo
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), artist, naturalist
- Richard Dawkins (* 1941), British evolutionary biologist (works on neo-Darwinism )
- Christian de Duve (1917-2013), Belgian biochemist
- Amalie Dietrich (1821-1891), German naturalist
- Leopold Dippel (1827–1914), German botanist
- Johannes Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), German botanist
- Pedanios Dioscurides (1st century AD) doctor and most famous pharmacologist of antiquity
- Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975), Russian, American evolutionary biologist
- Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist
- Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), founder of the Naples Zoological Station
- Louis Dollo (1857–1931), Belgian paleontologist ( Iguanodon )
- David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist
- Hans Driesch (1867–1941), (experimental embryology)
- Oscar Drude (1852–1933), German botanist
- Jonas Dryander (1748-1810), Swedish botanist
- Eugène Dubois (1858–1940), Dutch geologist and anthropologist
- Denis Duboule (* 1955), French-Swiss geneticist
E.
- Alfred Edwin Eaton (1844–1929), English entomologist
- Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), German biologist
- Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German immunologist (Nobel Prize winner)
- Manfred Eigen (1927–2019), Nobel Prize Winner ( Hypercycle )
- Alexander Elenkin (1873–1942), Russian lichenologist
- Charles Sutherland Elton (1900–1991), British ecologist and zoologist
- Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), German-Baltic biologist
- Adolf Engler (1844–1930), German botanist ( classification of plants according to Engler )
- Karl Escherich (1871–1951), German forest scientist and zoologist (one of the fathers of applied entomology)
- Stephan Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist / systematist
F.
- Girolamo Fabrizio (1537–1619), Italian anatomist, founder of modern embryology
- Jörg Michael Fey (1950–1996), German biologist, private lecturer
- Jean-Henri Fabre (1823-1915), French entomologist
- Anne Fausto-Sterling (1944), Gender Studies
- Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British bacteriologist (discoverer of penicillin )
- Wilhelm Fließ (1858–1928), German biologist, doctor
- Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist, statistician (co-inventor of population genetics)
- Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), Australian, British pathologist, Nobel Prize winner (co-discoverer of penicillin)
- Robert Fortune (1812–1880), Scottish botanist
- Dian Fossey (1932–1985), primatologist (gorillas)
- Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920–1958), (involved in the elucidation of the DNA structure)
- Wolfgang Frey (* 1942), geobotanist
- Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), mycologist and taxonomist
- Heinrich Friese (1860–1948), bee researcher
- Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), bee researcher, foundation of comparative behavioral biology, Nobel Prize winner
- Herbert Fritsche (1911–1960), homeopath
- Bryan Grieg Fry (* 1970), molecular biologist, toxinologist and associate professor at the University of Queensland
- Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), "father of botany"
- Douglas J. Futuyma (* 1942), American evolutionary biologist
G
- Birutė Galdikas (* 1946), primatologist
- Galenos (≈ 129–216), Greek doctor and anatomist
- Helmut Gams (1893–1976), Austrian botanist, plant sociologist and cryptographic scientist
- Joseph Gärtner (1732–1791), German doctor and botanist
- Johann Gustav Gassner (1881–1955), German botanist
- Ernst Gaupp (1865–1916), German vertebrate morphologist
- Carl Gegenbaur (1826–1903), German vertebrate morphologist
- Claude-Joseph Geoffroy (1685–1752), French botanist, mycologist and pharmacist
- John Gerard (1545-1612), English botanist
- Conrad Gessner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist
- Raffaello Gestro (1845–1936), Italian coleopterologist
- Carl Geyer (entomologist) (1802–1889), German illustrator and butterfly researcher
- Hermann Theodor Geyler (1835–1889), German botanist
- Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (1714–1786), German botanist and doctor
- Karl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist
- Karl Gößwald (1907–1996), German zoologist
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), German natural scientist and poet
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and physiologist ( histology , cytology , neurophysiology )
- Jane Goodall (* 1934), British primatologist
- Brian Goodwin (1931-2009), Canadian theoretical biologist
- Augustus Addison Gould (1805–1866), American zoologist
- John Gould (1804-1881), British ornithologist
- Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), American paleontologist, evolutionary researcher
- Vinzenz Maria Gredler (1823–1912), Tyrolean naturalist
- Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German-Baltic natural scientist and explorer
- August Grisebach (1814–1879), German botanist and founder of geobotany
- Bernhard Grzimek (1909–1987), German zoo director, co-founder of BUND
- Giovanni Gussone (1787–1866), Italian botanist
- Guranda Gwaladze (1932–2020), Georgian botanist, co-founder of plant embryology
- Peter Gruss (* 1949), German developmental biologist ( mouse ), President of the Max Planck Society
H
- Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854–1945), Austrian botanist
- Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), German zoologist and evolutionary biologist
- Donat-Peter Häder (* 1944), German botanist and university professor
- JBS Haldane (1892–1964), British evolutionary biologist
- Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777), Swiss naturalist
- Ernst Hallier (1831–1904), German botanist
- William D. Hamilton (1936-2000), British evolutionary biologist
- William Harvey (1578-1657)
- Robert Hartig (1839–1901), German forest scientist, forest botanist, plant pathologist and mycologist
- Pieter Harting (1812–1885), Dutch botanist
- Bernhard Hassenstein (1922–2016), German zoologist
- Hans Hass (1919–2013), Austrian diving pioneer and ethologist
- Berthold Hatschek (1854–1941), Austrian zoologist (discoverer of the trochophora larva)
- Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945)
- Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894), German doctor and physicist
- Elwood Henneman (1915-1996), American neurophysiologist
- Willi Hennig (1913–1976), German biologist (founder of the phylogenetic system)
- Victor Hensen (1835–1924), German physiologist and marine biologist
- Oscar Hertwig , developmental biologist
- Richard Hertwig (1850-1937)
- Wilhelm His (1831-1904), developmental biologist
- Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German ichthyologist
- Wilhelm Hofmeister (1824–1877), German botanist
- Theophrast von Hohenheim → Paracelsus
- Bert Hölldobler (* 1936), German sociobiologist
- Erich von Holst (1908–1962), German behavioral scientist
- Josef Holub (biologist) (1930–1999), Czech botanist (pioneer of the Czech "Red List")
- Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British scholar, physicist
- Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911), British botanist
- William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), British botanist
- Sven Hörstadius (1898–1996), (experimental embryology)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), German naturalist
- George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-1991), English ecologist
- Julian Huxley (1887–1975), English biologist
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), British scientist
I.
- Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch botanist
J
- Eva Jablonka (* 1952), Polish-Israeli theoretical biologist and geneticist
- Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), Danish botanist and geneticist (invented the term gene )
- Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist
- Herbert Jäckle (* 1949), German developmental biologist ( Drosophila melanogaster ), Vice President of the Max Planck Society
- Karl Jordan (1861–1959), German-British entomologist
- Nikolaus Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817), Austrian botanist and plant collector
K
- Josephine Kablik (1787–1863), Austrian biologist and paleontologist, is one of the 999 women on the Heritage Floor
- Stuart Kauffman (* 1939), American theoretical biologist
- Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist
- Corentin Louis Kervran (1901-1983)
- Robert Kidston (1852-1924), Scottish paleobotanist
- William Kirby (1759-1850), English entomologist
- Carl Ludwig Kirschbaum (1812–1880), teacher and museum director (cicada researcher)
- Bernhard Klausnitzer (* 1939), German entomologist (Beetle researcher)
- Max Kleiber (1893–1976), Swiss agricultural scientist and physiologist
- Friedrich Karl Kleine (1869–1951), microbiologist and pharmacologist
- Hans Kniep (1881–1930), German botanist
- Paul Knuth (1854–1899), German botanist
- KH Emil Koch (1809–1879), German botanist
- Robert Koch (1843–1910), German doctor, microbiologist, Nobel Prize winner
- Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch (1771–1849), German botanist
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter (1733–1806), German botanist
- Ernst-Michael Kranich (1929–2007), German biologist
- Klaus Kubitzki (* 1933), German botanist
L.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), French biologist ( theory of evolution )
- Robert Lauterborn (1869–1952)
- Johann Caspar Lavater (1741–1801), Swiss pastor, philosopher
- Alphonse Laveran (1845-1922)
- Louis Leakey
- Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte De Buffon (1707–1788), French naturalist
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch naturalist (developed the microscope)
- Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist
- Rudolf Leuckart (1822–1898), German zoologist (founder of parasitology )
- Rita Levi-Montalcini
- Martin Lindauer (1918–2008), German behavioral physiologist and sociobiologist
- Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist
- Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767-1851), German botanist
- Carl von Linné (1707–1778), Swedish natural scientist (co-founder of the systematics )
- Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
- Thomas Lobb (1811-1894)
- William Lobb (1809–1864), American botanist
- Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian behavioral biologist (founder of comparative ethology )
- André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, Nobel Prize winner
- Charles Lyell (1797-1875), British geologist
M.
- Robert MacArthur (1930–1972), Canadian-American ecologist
- Tomitaro Makino (1862–1957), Japanese botanist
- Georg Marggraf (1610–1644), German naturalist and explorer
- Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein (1768–1826), botanist and explorer
- Barry Marshall (* 1951), Australian medical microbiologist and Nobel Prize winner
- Humberto Maturana (* 1928), Chilean neurophysiologist and co-founder of Radical Constructivism
- John Maynard Smith (1920-2004), British evolutionary biologist
- Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), German-American evolutionary biologist and main proponent of the synthetic theory of evolution
- Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American geneticist and discoverer of jumping genes (Nobel Prize)
- Johann Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Silesian Augustinian monk and discoverer of the inheritance rules later named after him
- Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717), Swiss naturalist and artist
- Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen (1804–1840), German doctor and naturalist
- André Michaux (1746–1802), French botanist
- Walter Migula (1863–1938), German botanist and bacteriologist
- Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855–1935), Russian botanist
- Hans Mohr (1930–2016), German plant physiologist
- Karl August Möbius (1825–1908), German zoologist
- Hans Molisch (1856–1937), Austrian plant physiologist
- Jacques Monod (1910–1976), French microbiologist, biochemist, molecular biologist and Nobel Prize winner
- Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866–1945), American geneticist and Nobel Prize winner
- Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (1822-1897), German-Brazilian biologist (Müller Mimicry, Müller-Desterro)
- Hermann Müller (1829–1883), brother of Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller, German flower biologist and pedagogue, representative of coevolution (Müller-Lippstadt)
- Hermann Müller (1850–1927), Swiss plant physiologist and vine grower (Müller-Thurgau)
- Johannes Müller (1801–1858), German physician (Müller-Gang), founder of plankton research
N
- Adolf Naef (1883–1949), Swiss zoologist and paleontologist (idealistic morphology)
- Carl Wilhelm von Naegeli (1817–1891), Swiss botanist
- Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), German botanist and natural philosopher
- Theodor Friedrich Ludwig Nees von Esenbeck (1787–1837), German botanist and pharmacologist
- Stuart A. Newman (* 1945), American cell biologist
- Jürgen Nicolai (1925–2006), German ornithologist and behavioral scientist
- Denis Noble (1936), British systems biologist
- Wilhelm Nultsch (1927–2011), one of the most important German botanists of the 20th century
- Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (* 1942), German biologist (developmental genetics), Nobel Prize winner
O
- Erich Oberdorfer (1905–2002), German botanist and plant sociologist
- Charles Oberthür (1845–1924), French entomologist
- Franz Oberwinkler (1939–2018), German mycologist
- Friedrich Oehlkers (1890–1971), German botanist and plant geneticist
- Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), German naturalist and philosopher
- Nikolaus von Oresme (1330–1382), French natural scientist and philosopher
- Garcia da Orta (1499–1568), (pioneer of botany and pharmacy )
- Günther Osche (1926–2009), German evolutionary biologist and parasitologist
- Fritz Theodor Overbeck (1898–1983), German botanist, founder of moor botany in Central Europe
- Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892), British biologist
P
- Józef Konrad Paczoski (1864–1942), Polish botanist and plant sociologist
- Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), Russian zoologist
- Paracelsus (1493–1541), doctor, alchemist, astrologer, theologian, mystic and philosopher (Tria Principia)
- Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), French chemist and bacteriologist
- Christian Hendrik Persoon (1761-1836), mycologist
- Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849–1936), Russian physiologist, Nobel Prize winner
- Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), Welsh naturalist, zoologist and archaeologist
- Paul Pétard (1912–1980), French botanist
- Julia Platt (1857–1935), vertebrate embryologist (developmental biology)
- Adolf Portmann (1897–1982), Swiss zoologist
- Georg August Pritzel (1815–1874), German botanical writer
- Reginald Punnett (1875-1967), British geneticist
- Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1787–1869), Czech physiologist, histologist and embryologist
- Paul Émile de Puydt (1810-1891), Belgian botanist
- Eduard Friedrich Poeppig (1798–1868), German botanist, zoologist and regional historian
R.
- Emil Racoviță (1868–1947), Romanian biologist, marine researcher and botanist, founder of cave exploration
- Ludwig Radlkofer (1829–1927), German botanist
- Werner Rathmayer (1937–2003), German zoologist and neurobiologist
- Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (1801–1871), German zoologist, entomologist and forest scientist (father of forest entomology )
- René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757), French natural scientist
- Francesco Redi (1626-1697), Italian biologist
- Eduard von Regel (1815-1892)
- Jakob Reinert (1912–2002), German botanist and pioneer in the study of embryogenesis in tissue cultures
- Adolf Remane (1898–1976), German zoologist
- Bernhard Rensch (1900–1990), German evolutionary biologist, zoologist, behavioral scientist, neurophysiologist and philosopher
- Ralf Reski (* 1958), German botanist and biotechnologist
- Rupert Riedl (1925–2005), Austrian zoologist
- August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof (1705–1759), German naturalist and miniature painter
- Alfred Sherwood Romer (1894–1973), American specialist in vertebrate paleontology
- Harald Rosenthal (* 1937), German hydrobiologist
- Ronald Ross (1857-1932)
- Wilhelm Roux (1850–1924), (experimental embryology)
- Georgius Rumphius (1627–1702)
S.
- Julius Sachs (1832–1897), German botanist and plant physiologist
- Etienne Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844)
- Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist
- Hermann Schacht (1814–1864), German botanist
- Wolfgang Schad (* 1935)
- Hugo Schanderl (1901–1975), German botanist and plant physiologist
- Fritz Schaudinn (1871–1906), German zoologist and protozoa researcher (discoverer of the syphilis pathogen)
- Karl E. Schedl (1898–1979), Austrian zoologist and forest scientist
- Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672–1733), Swiss naturalist
- Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper (1856–1901), German botanist, plant geographer
- Karl Friedrich Schimper (1803–1867), German naturalist, botanist and geologist
- Wilhelm Philipp Schimper (1808–1880), Franco-German botanist and paleobotanist
- Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804–1881), German botanist and co-founder of the "cell theory"
- Otto Schmeil (1860–1943), German biologist, educator and author a. a. of Schmeil-Fitschen
- Knut Schmidt-Nielsen (1915-2007), Norwegian-American co-founder of ecophysiology
- Johann Christian von Schreber (1739–1810), German natural scientist and physician
- Theodor Schube (1860–1934), German naturalist and botanist (dendrology)
- Peter Schütt (1926-2010), German forest scientist (forest botany and forest pathology)
- Karl Moritz Schumann (1851–1904), German botanist
- Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), German physiologist
- Simon Schwendener (1829–1919), Swiss botanist
- Fritz Schwerdtfeger (1905–1986), German forest zoologist and ecologist
- Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788), Austrian physician and naturalist
- Gaius Plinius Secundus (23–79), Roman writer (natural history)
- Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873)
- Rupert Sheldrake (* 1942), British biologist and author
- Neil Shubin (* 1960), American paleontologist and evolutionary researcher
- Heinz Sielmann (1917-2006)
- George Gaylord Simpson (1902–1984), American paleontologist
- Rolf Singer (1906–1994), German-American mycologist
- Karl Snell (1881–1956), German crop scientist
- Daniel Solander (1733–1782), Swedish botanist
- Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), Italian natural scientist, biologist
- Hans Spemann (1869–1941), German zoologist and developmental biologist
- Paul Carpenter Standley (1884–1963), American botanist
- Ernst Stahl (1848–1919), Franco-German botanist
- Dietrich Starck (1908-2001), vertebrate morphologist
- Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), Bohemian botanist (paleobotany, recent botany)
- Karl Stetter (* 1941), German microbiologist (extremophile)
- Hans Stichel (1862–1936), German entomologist
- Wolfgang Stichel (1898–1968), German entomologist
- Eduard Strasburger (1844–1912), German botanist
- Erwin Stresemann (1889–1972), German zoologist, ornithologist
- G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906–2000), American biologist, botanist ( synthetic theory of evolution )
- Vladimir Nikolayevich Sukatschow (1880–1967), Russian geobotanist and plant sociologist
- William Sullivant (Sulliv.)
- Olof Peter Swartz (1760-1818), Swedish botanist
- Władysław Szafer (1886–1970), Polish botanist, ecologist, vegetation geographer, florist and paleobotanist
- Eörs Szathmáry (* 1959), Hungarian theoretical biologist
T
- Jürgen Tautz (* 1949), German sociobiologist, behavioral scientist and bee expert
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955), French paleontologist, philosopher
- Johannes Thal (1542–1583)
- Günter Theißen (* 1962), German geneticist with contributions to the evolutionary and developmental biologist
- Theophrastus of Eresos (around 390 - 371 BC), Greek philosopher and naturalist
- August Thienemann (1882–1960)
- Otto Wilhelm Thomé (1840–1925)
- Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist
- Helena Alexandrowna Timofejew-Ressowski (1898–1973), Russian geneticist
- Nikolai Wladimirowitsch Timofejew-Ressowski (1900–1981), Russian geneticist
- Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist, biologist and ornithologist
- Mutius von Tommasini (1794–1879), Austrian botanist
- John Torrey (1796–1873), American botanist
- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), French botanist
- John Tradescant the Elder (after 1570–1638) and his son John Tradescant the Younger (1608–1662)
- Abraham Trembley (1710–1784), Swiss educator and naturalist (one of the fathers of experimental zoology )
- Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (1776–1837)
- Robert Trivers (* 1943), American evolutionary biologist (reciprocal altruism)
- Erich Tschermak (1871–1962), Austrian botanist
- Sergei Sergejewitsch Tschetwerikow (1880-1959)
U
- Jakob Johann von Uexküll (1864–1944), German biologist (introduced the concept of the environment to biology)
- Ignaz Urban (1848–1931), German botanist
V
- Francisco Varela (1946-2001), Chilean biologist
- Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), Flemish anatomist and surgeon
- Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German physician (cellular pathology)
- Hugo de Vries (1848-1935), Dutch biologist
- Jean Pierre Vité (1923–2016), German forest scientist and forest zoologist
- Dieter Vogellehner (1937–2002), German botanist
W.
- Conrad Hal Waddington (1905–1975), British developmental biologist and theoretical biologist
- Charles Walcott (1850–1927), American paleontologist
- Nikolai Ivanovich Wawilow (1887–1943), Soviet biologist
- Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), British evolutionary biologist
- Heinrich Walter (1898–1989), German-Russian botanist
- Johannes Walther (geologist) (1860–1937), German geologist and paleontologist
- Otto Warburg (1883–1970), German biochemist
- Hewett Watson (1804-1881), English botanist
- James D. Watson (* 1928), biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (decoding the structure of DNA )
- Wilhelm Weinberg (1862–1937), German physician, genetic researcher ( Hardy-Weinberg balance )
- August Weismann (1834–1914), German zoologist and evolutionary biologist
- Gustav Wellenstein (1906–1997), German forest scientist and entomologist
- Gustav Wendelberger (1915–2008), Austrian botanist and plant sociologist
- Mary Jane West-Eberhard , American evolutionary researcher and theorist
- Victor Westhoff (1916-2001), Dutch biologist
- Otti Wilmanns (* 1928), German botanist
- Edward O. Wilson (* 1929), American entomologist, biologist (father of sociobiology)
- Carl Woese (1928–2012), American microbiologist, evolutionary biologist (new domain: archaea)
- Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1734–1794), German physiologist, embryologist
- Willy Wolterstorff (1864–1943), German zoologist (focus on herpetology, vertebrates)
- Sewall Wright (1889-1988), evolutionary biologist
- Richard Wettstein (1863–1931), Austrian botanist
Z
- Walter Zimmermann (1892–1980), German botanist
- Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848), German botanist
See also
- Author (zoology)
- List of microbiological taxon authors
- List of biologists by author abbreviation
- List of botanists and mycologists by author abbreviation
- List of zoologists by author abbreviation
- List of microbiological taxon authors
- List of eminent paleontologists
Web links
- Biologists' biography sketches ( Memento from February 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- Women in Botany .