Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (botanist)

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Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch, engraving by Daniel Berger (1789)
Signature Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (botanist) .PNG

Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch (born February 5, 1714 in Leipzig , Electorate of Saxony , † October 5, 1786 in Berlin , Kingdom of Prussia ) was a German botanist and doctor . Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ Gled. "

Life

Johann Gottlieb was a son of the Leipzig town musician Johann Caspar Gleditsch († 1747) and his wife Anna Sophia Müller († 1749). From 1728 to 1735 he studied philosophy and medicine at the University of Leipzig , where he received his doctorate in 1732. phil. received his doctorate. The main teacher in botany was Johann Ernst Hebenstreit , whom he represented from 1731 to 1735 as overseer of the Boseeschen and academic botanical gardens. In 1735 Gleditsch went to Dr. Haenel, who ran a medical practice in Annaberg .

Around 1737 he got a job at the Collegium medico-chirurgicum Berlin and in 1740 became a district physician in Lebus . 1742 Doctorate med. at the University of Frankfurt (Oder) . There he also gave lectures on physiology and medical botany.

From around 1730 Georg Friedrich von Zieten ran together with Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch in Trebnitz the establishment of a botanical garden based on the model of the Leiden Hortus botanicus. According to the Catalogus plantuarum […] Trebnizii published by Gleditsch in 1737 , there were 3025 species and subspecies of cold and warm house plants in this garden, such as bananas, pineapples and coffee, bulbs and woody plants (quoted from: Vol. 3, page 276 of the multi-volume work: "Gardens and parks in Brandenburg / Folkwart and Folkwin Wendland. - Berlin: Lukas-Verlag, 2015-. 5 vols. - (Writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg; NF 6"))

In 1744 Gleditsch became a full member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences and also a member of the Leopoldina ; 1746 second professor (for anatomy and botany and materia medica ) at the Collegium medico-chirurgicum and director of the Botanical Garden in Berlin , where he later made experiments on the sexuality of plants, the role of insects in pollination and the influence of climatic factors on plants. In 1746 he was offered a job at the Botanical Garden in Saint Petersburg for a salary of 2,000 rubles. After Friedrich II. Gleditsch increased his salary by 200 Reichstaler, he stayed in Berlin.

Gleditsch became famous for his "experimentum berolinense": In the botanical garden there was a female date palm that had never been fruitful and had been acquired by the soldier king . In April 1749, Gleditsch had the flowering branch of a male date palm brought to Berlin from his home town Leipzig from the local botanical garden. He used it to pollinate the flowers of the palm, which a few months later bore rich fruit for the first time. With this experiment he demonstrated the bisexual reproduction of the plants. In the period from 1754 to 1764 he devoted himself exclusively to his public teaching posts. From 1770 he also gave lectures on forest science at the newly founded forestry school. In 1773 he became a full member of the Society of Friends of Natural Sciences in Berlin . In 1780 Gleditsch became a member of the court pharmacists' commission in Berlin . He also became the overseer of the Academy's natural history cabinet, which was housed in the tower of the Berlin observatory . Since 1776 he was an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg.

Gleditsch did a great job as a teacher and was one of the first to give forestry a scientific basis.

The genus Gleditschia - here a branch of an American Gleditschia - is named after Gleditsch.

family

On April 16, 1744 he married Anna Theodora Waltherinn. The marriage had seven children, including four sons, two of whom died early, and three daughters:

  • Johann Friedrich Albert Michael, assessor of the royal mining and smelter administration ∞ NN Wernitz
  • Carl Daniel Gottlieb, hunter in Oranienburg
  • Anna Sophie Caroline Margarethe ∞ Friedrich Viktor Schramm , Prussian captain of the artillery, later major general
  • Theodora Catarina Margarethe Elisabeth ∞ Paul Gerhard, secret forest secretary
  • Albertine Pauline Louise

Honors

The genus Gleditschien ( Gleditsia J. Clayton ) from the subfamily of the carob family (Caesalpinioideae) is named after him.

The botanical journal Gleditschia , which appears in Berlin, bears his name - as has Gleditschstrasse in Berlin-Schöneberg since 1893 , immediately adjacent to the botanical garden in Berlin-Schöneberg, which he ran from the 18th century to around 1910 .

Fonts (selection)

  • Methodus fungorum exhibens genera, species et varietates cum charactere, differentia specifica, synonomis, solo, loco et observationibus , 1753 ( online ).
  • Consideration of the condition of the apiary in the Mark Brandenburg. In addition to a list of plants from which the bees collect their material for honey and wax , Riga [u. a.] 1769
  • Systematic introduction to the more recent forest science , derived from its peculiar physical-economic reasons , 2 volumes, Berlin 1774 to 1775 ( Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , each digitized and full text of the Bavarian State Library ).
  • Mixed botanical and economic treatises. Hesse, Berlin 1789 ( Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , Vol. 3 , each digitized and full text in the German Text Archive ), Vol. 4. Hesse, Berlin 1790.
  • Introduction to the science of raw and simple art scene remedies: according to physical-chemical and medical-practical reasons . [Sl], [approx. 1800]. urn : nbn: de: hbz: 061: 2-146975 , University and State Library Düsseldorf

literature

swell

  • Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888–1889
  • Jahn: History of Biology . Spectrum 2000
  • Maidwoman: history of botany . Fischer 1992

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Link to the digitized version of the Catalogus plantuarum (…) Trebnizii
  2. ↑ Richard Friebe . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung , April 11, 2010, Wissenschaft Spezial, p. 55
  3. ^ List of Members I. Ordinary Members . In: Meeting reports of the Society of Friends of Nature Research in Berlin, 1907 , Berlin 1907, p. 1; Text archive - Internet Archive
  4. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018.
  6. ↑ Gleditschstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Gleditsch, Johann Gottlieb
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist and doctor
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1714
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH October 5, 1786
Place of death Berlin