Johann Ernst Hebenstreit

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Johann Ernst Hebenstreit (born January 15, 1703 in Neustadt an der Orla , † December 5, 1757 in Leipzig ) was a German medic.

Live and act

Johann Ernst was the son of the theologian Johann David Hebenstreit (* July 31, 1656 in Neustadt an der Orla; † May 26, 1730 ibid.) And his wife Esther Susanna Güttner, who was married on March 13, 1683 in Neuenhofen, the daughter of the pastor in Rötha and Bad Lausick, Johann Georg Güttner (* 1625 in Freiberg, † 1696 in Bad Lausick). Hebenstreit began his studies at the University of Leipzig in 1723 . 1728 he became Master of Philosophy and Bachelor of Medicine and finally in 1729 as a doctor of medicine doctorate . On June 30, 1731 he was elected a member ( matriculation no. 426 ) of the Leopoldina with the academic surname Cratevas II .

August the Strong made him head of an expedition to explore Africa and acquire rare animals, plants and other curiosities for the king's cabinet and menagerie .

A group of six, including the botanist Christian Gottlieb Ludwig , set out on October 30, 1731 in Leipzig. The group traveled to Marseille via Geneva . From there they sailed to Algiers , where they arrived on February 12, 1732. A short time later the journey to Tunis took place . This is where the group split up. Christian Gottlieb Ludwig stayed with a companion in Tunis to explore the area from here. Hebenstreit traveled with the rest of the group to Tripoli and made several forays into the Sahara . At the end of 1732 he returned to Tunis. On April 17, 1733, the group returned to Marseille.

The death of August the Strong prevented Hebenreit's plans to subsequently sail to the Senegal Estuary . The expedition had to be canceled and Hebenstreit returned to Leipzig. The material brought along was lost in the turmoil of the Dresden May uprising in 1849 . Only the records of the expedition participants have been preserved, especially Hebenstreit's travel diary.

After his return, Hebenstreit became a full professor of anatomy and medicine and a city doctor in Leipzig. From 1747 he was dean of the medical faculty.

family

Hebenstreit was married twice. His first wife, Johanne Wilhelmine Junius († December 7, 1739 in Leipzig), daughter of the Leipzig professor Ulrich Georg Junius, he married on February 2, 1739 in Leipzig. His second marriage was on July 16, 1742, also in Leipzig, with Christina Eugenia Bosseck, daughter of the law professor Benjamin Gottlieb Bosseck (born November 3, 1676 in Gautzsch; † February 7, 1758 in Leipzig) and his wife, who was married on November 25, 1715 Sophia Elisabetha Bohn. From the children we know:

  • Georg Ernst Hebenstreit (born November 30, 1739 in Leipzig; † 1781 ibid.) Bacc. theol.
  • Gottlieb Ernst Hebenstreit
  • Heinrich Michael Hebenstreit (born October 12, 1745 in Leipzig; † July 17, 1786 ibid.) Dr. jur. and Prof. Legal Antiquities
  • Christiane Sophie Hebenstreit (born May 14, 1742 in Leipzig), married. with Christian Clarus, pastor in Scherneck near Coburg
  • Christian Benedikt Hebenstreit (* 1746 - 7 May 1747 in Leipzig)
  • Christiane Friederike Hebenstreit (* and † September 8, 1750 in Leipzig)
  • Christiana Benedicta Hebenstreit , writer
  • Ernst Benjamin Gottlieb Hebenstreit (* February 10, 1758 in Leipzig; † December 12, 1803) Prof. med. mated June 1, 1796 with Henriette Eleonore Apel (* June 27, 1770 in Halberstadt; † March 4, 1806 in Leipzig), daughter of the businessman Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Apel (* October 21, 1731 in Borna; † March 4, 1783 in Halberstadt) and his wife Dorothea Henriette Schultze (born October 12, 1736 in Magdeburg, † July 1, 1771 in Halberstadt)

Dedication names

Carl von Linné named the genus Hebenstretia from the fig family of figwort plants (Scrophulariaceae) in his honor .

Works (selection)

  • De continuanda Rivinorum industria in eruendo plantarum characters . Leipzig 1726 (under Johann Christoph Lischwitz )
  • De viribus minerarum et mineralium medicamentosis ... Leipzig 1730 (under Johann Caspar Küchler )
  • De sensu externo facultatum in plantis judice . Leipzig 1730 (with Christian Gottlieb Ludwig)
  • De organis piscium externis: disserit simulque ad audiendam orationem de antiquitatibus romanis per Africam extantibus, qua professionem physiologiae ordinariam in Academia Lipsiensi clementissime sibi demandatam d. XX novembr. on. MDCCXXXIII ... Leipzig 1733
  • Oratione ... qua antiquitatum romanorum per Africam repertarum memoriam recolit . Leipzig 1733
  • De usu partium carmen; seu, Physiologia metrica ad modum Titi Lucretii Cari De rerum natura ... Leipzig 1739
  • De methodo cerebrum incidendi disserit et ad audiendam anatomen corporis masculini qua totius corporis humani fabricam expositurus est
  • Pathologia metrica; seu, De morbis carmen ... Leipzig 1740
  • Museum Richterianum continens fossilia animalia, vegetabilia marina. Leipzig 1743 (with Johann Friedrich Christ )
  • Anthropologia forensis sistens medici circa Rempublicam causasque dicendas officium cum rerum anatomicarum ac physicarum quae illud attinent expositionibus . Leipzig 1753
  • De homine sano et aegroto carmen sistens physiologiam, pathologiam, hygienen, therapiam, materiam medicam, praefatur de antiqua medicina carmen ... , Leipzig 1753
  • Four reports of his at the command and expense of Friedrich August the I King in Pohlen, Churf. to Saxony etc. etc. in 1732, accompanied by some other scholars and artists on the African coasts to Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli . In: Johann III Bernoulli : Collection of short travelogues and other news serving to expand the knowledge of countries and people . Berlin and Leipzig 1783, Volume 9, pp. 299-344, Volume 10, pp. 415-444, Volume 11, pp. 359-416, Volume 12, pp. 389-416

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the second century of its existence . Jena 1860, p. 212
  2. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . 5th edition, 1754
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . 1753, p. 629
  4. ↑ The spelling Hebenstreitia comes from: Johan Andreas Murray: Systema vegetabilium . 13th edition, 1774, p. 476. [1]
personal data
SURNAME Lifting dispute, Johann Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hebenstreit, Ernst; Cratevas II.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German medic
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1703
PLACE OF BIRTH Neustadt an der Orla
DATE OF DEATH December 5, 1757
Place of death Leipzig