Christian Friedrich Zincke
Christian Friedrich Zincke (* probably in 1684 (each applicable, between 1683 and 1685 ) in Dresden , † 24. March 1767 in Lambeth , today district of London ) was a German in England active Baroque - painter . He came to London at the age of about 22, where he lived and worked until 1752. He was a famous miniature painter and the most successful enamel painter of his time. He was the older brother of the painter Paul Christian Zink .
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Life
Zincke was the son of a Dresden goldsmith who prepared him for the same profession. He also learned painting from the portrait painter Heinrich Christoph Fehling . In 1706, at the invitation of the famous Swedish enamel painter Charles Boit, he traveled to London to help him create a large enamel painting to commemorate the Battle of Höchstädt . This project was never completed, but Zincke stayed in London, initially as a Boits student, but soon overtook his teacher.
After Boit left for France in 1714, Zincke settled down as a freelance painter on Tavistock Street in Covent Garden . Although he “inherited” several Boits customers at the time, he won most of the customers from the elegant London society and the support of the royal court thanks to the recommendation of his older colleague Godfrey Kneller , who was also from Germany . Zincke's little email portraits found recognition and soon they were very popular. For example, he painted several email portraits for Sir Robert Walpole , mainly members of his family, including one of his son Horace Walpole . He received some orders from King George II and from Queen Caroline . According to George Vertue , whose memoirs are the main source of information on Zincke's life, in some years he had more distinguished clients than any other painter of the time. Prince of Wales Friedrich Ludwig appointed Zincke as his court painter in 1732. Because of the high demand for his portraits on the one hand and his deteriorating eyesight on the other, Zincke increased the price for a small portrait from 20 to 30 gns in 1742 . In the 1750s he was commissioned by Madame de Pompadour to create a miniature portrait for her based on an oil portrait of Louis XV sent from France . to make.
Christian Friedrich Zincke had to give up his work in 1752 because of the deteriorating eyesight. He turned the business over to James Deacon and moved to South Lambeth, where he lived until his death. But he did not completely give up his profession: he taught. His most successful student was Jeremias Mayer , whom he taught from 1757–58.
family
Zincke was married twice. With the first wife he had a son and a daughter. His second wife, Elizabeth b. Bothmar, survived him. Zincke's grandson Francis Zincke († 1830) tried to follow in his footsteps. He was a copy painter in London. He forged numerous portraits of William Shakespeare , John Milton and other celebrities, but died completely impoverished.
power
Zincke painted most of his portraits from living models, but for some he used oil portraits by other painters as a memory aid. He seems to have copied portraits of Godfrey Kneller and Michael Dahl particularly often . To get the right skin tone, he used a dotting technique based on applying tiny red dots in the appropriate density. Zincke's enamel portraits are meticulously and meticulously made, but in terms of both the tones and the composition of the picture they lack the grace and delicacy of Jean Louis Petitot's paintings . Even so, they were rightly admired. Zincke's portraits can be found in many private collections, but several museums ( Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and National Portrait Gallery in London) also have small collections. Zincke's miniatures served several artists as a template for their drawings or printing techniques such as copperplate engraving , mezzotint and lithography . These include: George Vertue , Thomas Major, John Faber the Younger , Charles Picart, William Smith, Robert Grave, Achille Devéria , Henry Bone and Valentine Green .
More famous works
- 1720s: Thomas Winnington (enamel on copper sheet, 44 × 38 mm, NPG 85)
- approx. 1720-25: Horace Walpole (enamel on copper sheet, 45 × 37 mm, NPG 6417)
- Peregrine Hyde Osborne (1691–1731) (enamel on sheet copper, H 48 mm)
- approx. 1730–34 Anna of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover (enamel on gold, 76 × 60 mm, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam )
- c. 1732: Queen Caroline (enamel on sheet copper, Loan-Gilbert. 279-2008)
- Georg Friedrich Händel (enamel on copper sheet)
- Augustus FitzRoy (1716–1741) (enamel on copper sheet, H 67 mm)
- 1738 Margaret Cavendish Bentinck (enamel on copper sheet)
- William Bentinck (1709–1762) (enamel on sheet copper, H 40 mm)
- approx. 1740–45: William Nassau de Zuylestein (1717–1781) (enamel on copper sheet, 45 × 35 mm, NPG 5796)
- approx. 1743–45: William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (enamel on sheet copper, 38 × 32 mm, NPG 6285)
- Danvers Osborn (1715–1753) (enamel on copper sheet, H 41 mm)
- approx. 1750: Catherine Talbot (1721–1770) (enamel on copper sheet, H 47 mm)
- Henrietta Boyle (enamel on sheet copper, H 45 mm, Denver Art Museum , Berger Collection 130)
- Elizabeth Butler b. Crew (around 1679–1756) (enamel on sheet copper, W 75 mm)
- c. 1752: William Gore (1711–1769) (enamel on sheet copper, H 43 mm, Denver Art Museum, Berger Collection 106)
Notes and individual references
- ↑ a b c d Zincke, Christian Friedrich . In: The Dictionary of Art
- ^ A b c Zincke, Christian Friedrich In: Dictionary on National Biography
- ↑ Zincke withdrew to DNB as early as 1746, but there is evidence of Zincke's portraits from later times up to and including 1752.
literature
- Zincke, Christian Friedrich . In: The Dictionary of Art , ed. by Jane Turner, Grove, Vol. 33 1996. p. 685
- J. Murdoch (et al.): The English Miniature , New Haven 1981, pp. 164-165, 167-170, 176, 180
- G. Reynolds: English Portrait Miniatures , London 1952, revised edition Cambridge 1988, pp. 89-91, 99-102, 106, 116
- Zincke, Christian Friedrich . In: Dictionary on National Biography , Smith, Elder & Co., London 1885–1900
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zincke, Christian Friedrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Zink, Christian Friedrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German miniature painter working in England |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1684 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 24, 1767 |
| Place of death | Lambeth |