Christian Jakob Kraus

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christian Jakob Kraus.

Christian Jakob Kraus (born July 27, 1753 in Osterode (East Prussia) ; † August 25, 1807 in Königsberg i. Pr. ) Was a German philosopher and camera scientist in the late Enlightenment period .

Life

Kraus' parents were Johann Kraus (1712–1777), surgeon and councilor in Osterode, and his wife Catharina born. Buchholz († 1771), a daughter of the mayor. When he had lost his pietistic parents, Kraus went to Königsberg in autumn 1770, where an uncle on his mother's side ( Buchholz ) was pastor. On April 13, 1771 , he enrolled at the Albertus University of Königsberg for Protestant theology . In 1773 he switched to the law faculty. He earned part of his living as a tutor . From the beginning he heard lectures from Immanuel Kant , who accepted him in his disputatory in 1772 and introduced him to the Schlippenbach (1773) and the Keyserlingk (1777). There he made friends with Hans Jakob von Auerswald and Johann Georg Hamann , Kant's antipode in intellectual history . From 1774 Kraus no longer attended Kant's lectures. In self-study he turned to the English language and mathematics .

In 1779 he went with a noble student to the Georg-August University in Göttingen , where he heard Christian Gottlob Heyne , August Ludwig von Schlözer and Johann Georg Heinrich Feder . When he received a call to Königsberg, he received his doctorate in philosophy at the Friedrichs University in Halle in autumn 1780 . Thereupon the University of Königsberg appointed him full professor of practical philosophy and camera science. He gave his inaugural address on Easter 1781 about Nolens volens . He withdrew from Kant and his legendary dinner party. In 1792 he was rector of the University of Königsberg. At times he was a member of the Masonic Lodge To the Three Crowns .

In reviews he turned against Christoph Meiners ' Grundriß der Geschichte der Weltweisheit (1786) and against Johann August Heinrich Ulrich's Eleutheriologie . A detailed work on the gypsies remained unfinished. Kraus did not print about pantheism (1787). It gained historical importance by spreading the teachings of Adam Smith . As the teacher of an entire generation of civil servants in the Kingdom of Prussia , he had a great influence on the later Prussian reforms . He died at the age of 54.

Works

  • The spiritual adventurer Freiherr v. Mortezinni , 1784.
  • Staatswirtschaft , ed. v. H. v. Auerswald, 5 vols. Königsberg 1808–1811. ( Digitized by the Digital Library of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
  • Mixed writings , ed. v. H. v. Auerswald, 7 vols. Königsberg 1808–1813.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Carl v. Prantl (ADB)
  2. ^ Fritz Milkowski: Kraus, Christian Jacob. German biography.
  3. De paradoxo, edi interdum actiones voluntrias homine ipso non invito solum, verum adeo reluctante
  4. UrMEL